60 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 3 



LARVA (Fig. 29). — Head: Inner clypeal hairs (2) simple, the distance 

 between basal tubercles variable, usually less than the diameter of one of the 

 tubercles; outer clypeal (3) densely, dichotomously branched, fan-shaped; 

 postclypeal (4) small, single or double, rarely reaching preclypeus; frontal 

 hairs (5-7) large, plumose; sutural (8) usually 3- to 5-branched; trans- 

 sutural (9) usually 3- to 5-branched, reaching beyond base of frontal hair 

 (7). Antenna spinose; terminal hair (10) with several branches, longer than 

 the sabres; antennal tuft (11) inserted at basal third, several branched, 

 reaching middle of shaft or slightly beyond. Thorax: Prothoracic dorsal 

 submedian hairs (1-3) consisting of a short inner hair (1), simple or branched 

 apically; a much longer stout middle hair (2), with many branches; and 

 a short simple outer hair (3). Prothoracic pleural group (9-12) of four 

 simple hairs; hairs 9, 10 and 12 long, subequal; hair 11 short. Mesothoracic 

 pleural group (9-12) of four simple hairs; hairs 9 and 10 long, subequal; 

 hair 11 minute; hair 12 about one-third as long as hair 9 or 10. Metathoracic 

 pleural group (9-12) of four hairs; hairs 9 and 10 long, simple; hair 11, 

 minute, simple; hair 12 short, 2- or 3 -branched. Metathoracic palmate (1) 

 small, with transparent leaflets. Abdomen: Submedian dorsal hair (0) obso- 

 lete on segments IV and V; palmate hair (1) well-developed and of equal 

 size on segments IV to VI; individual leaflets serrated beyond middle; pal- 

 mates usually about one-half to two-thirds as large on segments III and VII, 

 individual leaflets usually smooth; palmates very weakly developed on I 

 and II. Antepalmate hair (2) usually single on segments IV and V, some- 

 times double or triple. Hair 5 on segment I is 4- or 5-branched (rarely 

 more) and about twice the size of hair 4. Upper lateral hair (6) on seg- 

 ments I to III long, plumose. Pecten as illustrated. 



DISTRIBUTION. — Along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Maryland to 

 Texas. Its range also extends south to Vera Cruz, Mexico (182). Southern 

 States: Alabama and Florida (94); Georgia (97); Louisiana and Mississippi 

 (96); North Carolina (166); South Carolina (94); Virginia (49). Other 

 States: Maryland (94); Texas (130). 



BIONOMICS. — Very little is known of the habits of the adults. The larvae 

 occur in pools of brackish water near the coast. Water with a salt concentra- 

 tion of 1.5 per cent or less seems to be preferred. King et al. (96) state that 

 larvae have been taken with A. atropos in waters of rather high salt concen- 

 tration and with larvae of A. crucians crucians in nearly fresh water. 



MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. — Boyd et al. (23) were able to infect A. crucians 

 bradleyi with Plasmodium falciparum, but nothing is known of its ability 

 to transmit malaria in nature. 



Anopheles (Anopheles) crucians crucians Wiedemann 



Anopheles crucians Wiedemann (in part), 1828, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins. 1:12. 

 Anopheles crucians var. crucians King, 1939, Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., 19:470. 



ADULT FEMALE. — Medium-sized species. Head: Proboscis long, black; 

 palpi a little shorter than proboscis, black, the third segment with a few 



