Carpenter et al.: Mosquitoes of Southern U. S. 69 



stout; hair 10 long, stout (about twice as long as hair 9); hair 11 obsolete; 

 hair 12 weak, usually 3- or 4-branched (about half as long as hair 9). Meta- 

 thoracic palmate hair (1) absent. Abdomen: Submedian dorsal hair (0) 

 absent on segments I to VII. Palmate hair (1) rudimentary on segments I 

 and II, well-developed on segments III to VII; individual leaflets with ser- 

 rations beyond middle, filament long and slender. Antepalmate hair (2) 

 single on segments IV and V. Lateral hair (6) long, plumose on segments 

 I-III. Posterior lobes of spiracular apparatus each with a long slender sclero- 

 tized projection arising from the inner angle. Pecten as illustrated. 



distribution.— Southern United States, south to Chile and Argentina. 

 The distribution of this subspecies is not well known. Southern States: Arkan- 

 sas (31); Louisiana and Mississippi (94); Missouri (128); Tennessee (94). 

 Other States: Arizona, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah 

 (116). 



bionomics. — The adults enter houses and attack man. The larvae re- 

 quire a great deal of sunlight for their development and occur mostly in 

 clear sunlit water, rich in algae. 



medical importance. — It has been experimentally infected with P. vivax 

 and P. falciparum and natural infections with malaria parasites have been 

 reported by several workers (172, 173). It is regarded as an important 

 vector of malaria in some areas within its range and relatively unimportant 

 in others. It is not known to be of much importance in the United States. 



Anopheles (Anopheles) punctipennis (Say) 



Culex punctipennis Say, 1823, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3:9. 



ADULT female. — Medium-sized species. Head: Proboscis long, black; palpi 

 about as long as proboscis, dark-scaled. Occiput clothed with numerous erect 

 forked scales, those on central portion white, the others dark; scales of vertex 

 white; frontal tuft white. Thorax: Integument with a broad longitudinal 

 frosted stripe medially, dark-brown laterally; the frosted area clothed with 

 short pale yellow hairs, the darker lateral areas with larger dark setae. Abdo- 

 men: Integument dark-brown to black, clothed with numerous pale and 

 dark hairs. Legs: Legs dark-scaled, tips of femora and tibiae pale. Wing 

 (Fig. 35D) : Scales black and pale yellow, arranged on the veins in con- 

 trasting lines and spots (costa with a pale spot at outer third opposite tip of 

 subcosta; vein 6 with apical half and basal fourth dark-scaled; veins 3 and 5 

 entirely dark-scaled). Halter: Knob dark-scaled. 



ADULT MALE. — Coloration similar to that of female. TFRMINALIA (Fig. 

 35). — Ninth tergite (IX-T) a narrow, sclerotized band; lobes (IXT-L) 

 lateral in position, about three times as long as broad, often slightly con- 

 stricted medially, rounded or nearly truncate apicallv. Tenth sternite absent; 

 anal lobe (An-L) large, triangular, spiculate. Phallosoyne (Ph) cylindrRal. 

 furcate at base; apex with three or four pairs of ligulate leaflets (Ph-L), the 



