72 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 3 



reaching middle or slightly beyond. Thorax: Prothoracic dorsal submedian 

 hairs (1-3) consisting of a short inner hair (1), with several weak branches 

 beyond base; a much longer stout middle hair (2), with many branches; 

 and a short simple outer hair (3). Prothoracic pleural group (9-12) of four 

 hairs; hairs 9, 10, and 12 long, simple; hair 11 short, simple. Mesothoracic 

 pleural group (9-12) of four hairs; hairs 9 and 10 long, simple; hair 11 

 minute, simple; hair 12 short, simple, about one-third as long as hair 9 or 10. 

 Metathoracic pleural group (9-12) of four hairs; hairs 9 and 10 long, simple; 

 hair 11 minute, simple; hair 12 short, 2- or 3-branched. Metathoracic pal- 

 mate (1) obsolete. Abdomen: Submedian dorsal hair (0) obsolete on seg- 

 ments IV and V; palmate hair ( 1 ) on segments I and II rudimentary, 

 well-developed and of about equal size on III to VII (may be somewhat 

 smaller on VII); individual leaflets with serrations beyond middle. Antepalmate 

 hair (2) usually double, occasionally single or triple on segments IV and V. 

 Hair 5 on segment I is 3-branched (rarely 4-branched) and only slightly 

 larger than hair 4. Upper lateral hair (6) on segments I to III long, plu- 

 mose. Pecten as illustrated. 



DISTRIBUTION. — Occurs throughout most of the United States (absent 

 from Rocky Mountain region), north to the southern part of Canada and 

 south to the tablelands of Mexico. Southern States: Alabama, Arkansas, 

 Florida and Georgia (96); Kentucky (140); Louisiana and Mississippi (96); 

 Missouri (1); North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee (96); Vir- 

 ginia (49). Other States: California (66); Colorado (128); Connecticut 

 (21); Delaware (106); Illinois and Indiana (94); Iowa (155, 156); Kan- 

 sas (79); Maine (103); Maryland (19); Massachusetts (96); Michigan 

 (88); Minnesota (131); Montana (112); Nebraska (178); New Hamp- 

 shire (105); New Jersey (77); New Mexico, New York and Ohio (94); 

 Oklahoma (159); Oregon and Pennsylvania (94); Rhode Island (99); South 

 Dakota (94); Texas (108); Vermont, Washington and West Virginia (94); 

 Wisconsin (48); Wyoming (128). 



bionomics. — The females feed mostly after dusk but will bite during 

 daylight hours in dense woodlands or in their daytime resting places. It 

 is regarded as an outdoor species which seldom enters dwellings. Larvae are 

 found along the margins of streams, also in temporary and permanent bodies 

 of water of various types. It reaches its greatest abundance, in the southern 

 states, in the early spring and late fall, becoming scarce in the summer. 



MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. — Anopheles piinctipennis has been infected experi- 

 mentally with Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae (172) but 

 not a single gland infection has been reported in nature. Mayne (118) re- 

 ports finding a sinqle specimen v/ith a stomach infection in nature but accord- 

 ing to Simmons (172), there appears to be some doubt concerning the accu- 

 racy of this observation. Although available data indicate that this species is 

 susceptible to infection with the three principal species of malaria plasmodia, 

 it is not regarded as an important vector. 



