Carpenter et al.: Mosquitoes of Southern U. S. 107 



of siphon; individual tooth broad, fringed on both sides with fine spinules, 

 coarser apically; subventral tuft multiple, inserted at or slightly beyond end of 

 pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, completely ringed by the dorsal plate; 

 lateral hair multiple; dorsal brush consisting of two long lower caudal hairs 

 and a shorter, multiple upper caudal tuft on either side; ventral brush sparse, 

 confined to the barred area, the two proximal tufts very short; gills 4, shorter 

 than the anal segment, pointed. 



DISTRIBUTION. — Eastern United States, Mexico, West Indies and Central 

 America. Southern States: Alabama (96); Arkansas (30); Florida (52); 

 Georgia (96); Kentucky (140); Louisiana and Mississippi (52); Missouri 

 (1); North Carolina (97); South Carolina (64); Tennessee (96); Virginia 

 (49). Other States: Delaware (106); Illinois (42); Indiana (76); Iowa (155, 

 156); Kansas (128); Maryland (52); Massachusetts (180); Michigan (88) 

 Minnesota (131); Nebraska (178); New Hampshire (52); New Jersey (77) 

 New York (52); North Dakota (127); Ohio (52); Oklahoma (159) 

 Pennsylvania (8); Rhode Island (99); Texas (108); Wisconsin (48). 



BIONOMICS. — It is the opinion of most workers that the females of this 

 species rarely if ever bite humans. The adults generally rest during the day- 

 time in damp situations in culverts, hollow trees, and amongst vegetation near 

 their breeding places. Uranotaenia sapph'trina shows a preference in its breed- 

 ing for permanent pools, ponds and lakes containing emergent or floating vege- 

 tation. It is commonly associated with A. quadrimaculatus in its breeding 

 places in the southern states. Larvae occur throughout the year in the extreme 

 South, but farther north breeding is usually restricted to the months of May 

 through November. 



Genus CULISETA Felt 



Theobaldia Neveu-Lemaire. 1902. C. R. Soc. Biol., 54:1331.1 



Culiseta is a rather small genus, but is widely distributed throughout the 

 Palearctic and Nearctic regions of the world. Two subgenera, Culiseta and 

 Clirnicura, are found in the southern states, represented by one species each. 

 The generic characters included in the following paragraph are based mainly 

 upon the species occurring in the United States. 



SALIENT CHARACTERS. — Adult: Similar to Culex in general appearance. 

 Pulvilli absent. Spiracular bristles present; postspiracular bristles absent. 

 Squama fringed. Tuft of setae present on under side of wing at base of sub- 

 costa. Tip of abdomen of female bluntly rounded, the eighth segment not 

 retractile. Male Terminalia: Tenth sternites with a few terminal teeth. Phal- 

 losome usually divided. Basistyle rather long, basal lobe present, apical lobe 

 absent. Dististyle simple and with terminal claw. Claspette absent. Larva: 

 Head wider than long. Comb of eighth segment present. A pair of subventral 

 hair tufts inserted near base of siphon; pecten present. 



1 Freeborn, 1943, states. "Theobaldia N-L. 1902 is invalidated by the prior use of 

 Theobaldia Fischer 1887 as an emendation of Theobaldius Nevill 1878. As both avail- 

 able synonyms, Culicella and Culiseta, were proposed in the same publication by Felt in 

 1904, Culiseta takes priority because it was used by the first reviewer (Dyar. 1921) to 

 designate the groups now included in the genus." 



