136 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 3 



hooked at tip and with a row of comb-like teeth along the side. Head hairs: 

 Hair A single, branched distally; hair B single, branched distally, inserted near 

 anterior margin of clypeus, expanding beyond anterior margin of head; hair C 

 short, branched distally; hair d long, single, inserted mesad and slightly anter- 

 ior to hair C, extending beyond anterior margin of head; sutural (e) and 

 trans-sutural (f) multiple; supraorbital branched distally. Comb of eighth 

 segment of about 12 to 16 thorn-shaped scales in a single curved row; individu- 

 al scale trifid, with basal spines about one-third the length of the median spine. 

 Siphon three to four times as long as basal width; pecten of numerous teeth on 

 basal half of siphon; individual tooth long, hair-like, with one or more short 

 stout basal teeth; subventral tuft represented by a long single hair inserted 

 beyond pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, completely ringed by the dor- 

 sal plate; lateral hair 3 to 4-branched near base; dorsal brush consisting of a 

 long lower caudal hair and a shorter multiple upper caudal tuft on either side; 

 ventral bush extending almost the entire length of the anal segment; gills 4, 

 longer than the segment, sharply pointed. 



distribution. — Southern Canada; Eastern United States west to Nebraska 

 and Texas. Southern States: Alabama (170); Arkansas (30); Florida and 

 Georgia (52); Kentucky (140); Louisiana and Mississippi (52); Missouri 

 (1); North Carolina (166); South Carolina (64); Tennessee (96); Virginia 

 (49). Other States: Connecticut (52); Delaware (106); District of Columbia 

 (52); Illinois (42); Indiana (76); Iowa (155, 156); Kansas (79); Maryland 

 (19); Massachusetts (52); Michigan {SS); Nebraska (178); New Hampshire 

 (105); New Jersey (77); New York (52); Oklahoma (159); Pennsylvania 

 (8); Rhode Island (99); Texas (108); West Virginia (52); Wisconsin (48). 



bionomics. — The females are vicious biters, attacking any time during the 

 day. The larvae occur in temporary rain-filled pools where they feed on the 

 larvae of other associated species, particularly P. confinnis. Psorophora ciliata 

 breeds from March to October in the extreme South and from May to Septem- 

 ber farther north (4th Sv. C. Med. Lab. records, 1942-1944, unpublished). 



Psorophora (Psorophora) howardii Coquillett 



Psorophora howardii Coquillett, 1901, Can. Enl., 33:258. 



ADULT FEMALE. — Very large species. Head: Integument of proboscis 

 brown, becoming darker apically; all scales dark, recumbent. Palpi nearly half 

 as long as proboscis; scales dark, recumbent. Occiput white scaled, with a nar- 

 row longitudinal nude stripe. Thorax: Integument of scutum shiny, dark brown 

 (often nearly black) ; vestiture consisting of a narrow median longitudinal 

 stripe of slender black scales, a narrow submedian longitudinal stripe of similar 

 scales, and a large lateral area of broad appressed white scales; a narrow nude 

 stripe present between the median and submedian stripes; a broader nude area 

 present on either side of the white-scaled prescutellar space. Abdomen: First 

 tergite white scaled; remaining segments blue-black scaled dorsally, each with 

 an apical transverse line of white scales; lateral margin and venter white scaled. 

 Legs: Femora yellow scaled, speckled with dark, except for apical portion of 

 each which is clothed with long dark erect or suberect scales (most conspicuous 



