Carpenter et al.: Mosquitoes of Southern U. S. 139 



of about 15 to 18 thorn-shaped scales in a single curved row; individual scale 

 trifid with basal spines about one-third the length of the median spine. Siphon 

 about four times as long as basal width; pecten of numerous teeth on basal 

 half of siphon; individual tooth long, hair-like, with one or more short stout 

 basal teeth; subrentral tuft represented by a single long hair inserted beyond 

 pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, completely ringed by the dorsal plate; 

 lateral hair single or branched beyond middle; dorsal brush consisting of a long 

 lower caudal hair and a shorter multiple upper caudal tuft on either side; 

 ventral brush extending almost the entire length of the anal segment; gills 4, 

 longer than the segment, pointed. 



distribution.— Southern United States; Mexico, West Indies and Cen- 

 tral America. Southern States: Alabama (125); Arkansas (30); Florida (52); 

 Georgia (148); Kentucky (140); Louisiana and Mississippi (96); Missouri 

 (1); North Carolina (166); South Carolina (64); Tennessee (170); Virginia 

 (49). Other States: District of Columbia (52); Illinois (42); Indiana (76); 

 Kansas (128); Maryland (52); Oklahoma (159); Texas (108). 



BIONOMICS. — The females are fierce biters and will attack any time during 

 the day when their haunts are invaded. The larvae of P. howardii occur in 

 temporary rain-filled pools. They are predacious, feeding on other mosquito 

 larvae with which they are associated. This species breeds from March to Octo- 

 ber in the extreme South and from May to September farther north (4th Sv. 

 C. Med. Lab records, 1942-1944, unpublished). 



PsoROPHORA (Janthinosoma) cyanescens (Coquillett) 



Culex cyanescens Coquillett, 1902, Jour. N. Y. Ent. See, 10:137. 



ADULT FEMALE. — Medium sized to rather large species. Head: Proboscis 

 slender, blue-black; palpi short, black. Occiput clothed dorsally with ovate 

 curved white to pale-gold scales and numerous pale erect forked scales; occiput 

 laterally with a small blue-black scaled patch, followed by broad yellowish 

 scales. Thorax: Integument of scutum black, rather evenly clothed with small 

 scales, those of the median region intermixed lanceolate and ovate, mostly pale 

 yellow to gold or golden-brown, those of the lateral areas ovate, gold to pale 

 yellow or white. Scales of posterior pronotum similar to those of the antero- 

 lateral portion of scutum. Abdomen: First tergite whitish scaled; remaining 

 tergites black scaled, with blue or purplish reflection, and with apical submedian 

 triangular patches of golden-yellow scales; these apical patches narrow laterally, 

 broadened toward the mid-dorsal line, those of the anterior segments usually 

 joined medially. Sternites II to VI whitish-yellow to yellow scaled, VII dark. 

 Legs: Small spots present on middle and hind legs; inner surfaces of all femora 

 pale scaled, darker near apices; outer surface of femur I pale on basal half, 

 femur III pale on basal three-fourths. Scales of tibiae and tarsi entirely black 

 with blue to purple reflection, appressed or recumbent. Wing: Scales narrow, 

 dark. 



ADULT MALE. — Coloration similar to that of female, terminalia (Fig. 

 71). Ninth tergite (IX-T) with lobes (IXT-L) broadly rounded, widely sep- 



