236 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 3 



portion directed mesad, densely covered with setae arising from distinct tuber- 

 cles, the setae stouter on apex; apical lobe absent. Dististyle (Ds) inserted well 

 before apex of basistyle, unequally bifurcate near base; the shortened (inner) 

 branch bearing small setae distally; the longer branch bifurcate at apex, with 

 each small branch blunt and bearing numerous small tooth-like spines. 



larva. (Fig. 130). — Head broader than long. Antenna more than half as 

 long as head, slender, slightly curved, spinose; antennal tuft multiple, inserted 

 before middle of shaft. Head hairs: Preantennal (A), lower (B) and upper 

 (C) long, multiple, barbed, and inserted in a straight line; postclypeal (d) small, 

 multiple; sutural (e) and trans-sutural (f) usually triple; supraorbital usually 

 double. Upper lateral abdominal hairs on segments I and II double, single on 

 segments III to V. Comb of eighth segment consisting of about 10 to 14 

 thorn-shaped scales in a partially double row; individual scale with a strong 

 apical spine and very fine lateral spinules. Siphon approximately four times as 

 long as wide; pec ten of about 15 teeth extending beyond middle of siphon, the 

 last two or three teeth somewhat longer and widely spaced; subventral tuft 

 about 4-branched, inserted beyond pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, 

 about three-fourths ringed by the dorsal plate; lateral hair double; dorsal brush 

 consisting of a long lower caudal hair and a shorter multiple upper caudal tuft 

 on either side; ventral brush well developed, with several small tufts preceding 

 the barred area; gills 4, long, narrowly lanceolate, the dorsal pair slightly 

 longer than the ventral pair. 



distribution. — United States, Canada, Europe and Asia. Southern 

 States: Alabama (4th Sv. C. Med. Lab. records, 1945, unpublished); Arkan- 

 sas (30); Florida (35); Georgia (97); Mississippi (35); North Carohna 

 (125); South Carolina (97); Tennessee (125). Other States: California 

 (66) ; Connecticut (52); Illinois (42); Iowa (155, 156); Maine (103); Mary- 

 land (19); Massachusetts (52); Michigan (88); Minnesota (131); Montana 

 (112); Nebraska (178); New Hampshire (52); New Jersey (77); New York 

 and Oregon (52); Pennsylvania (121); Rhode Island (99); Utah (142); 

 Washington (52) ; Wisconsin (48). 



BIONOMICS. — Adults are rarely taken in the southern states except in light 

 trap collections; therefore very little is known about their habits in this region. 

 Owen (131), Hearle (78) and Marshall (113) report that the females are 

 troublesome biters on occasions. Larvae occur in woodland pools, unshaded 

 temporary rain-filled pools, and occasionally in marshes. This species is appar- 

 ently single-brooded, overwintering in the egg stage and hatching mostly in the 

 late spring, although some larvae may be found any time during the summer 

 following rains. 



Genus CuLEX Linnaeusi 



Cuhx Linnaeus. 1758. Sysl. Nat., Ed. 10:602. 



The genus Culex includes approximately 300 species, most of which are 

 restricted to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The genus is 



1 Consult Dyar (1928) or Edwards (1932) for synonymy. 



