Carpenter et al.: Mosquitoes of Southern U. S. 247 



fests houses and bites at night. It is a serious pest throughout most of its 

 range. Larvae occur in rainbarrels, tubs, catch basins, cesspools, ditches, and 

 similar habitats, particularly in urban areas. 



MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. — Culex pipiens is a known intermediate host of 

 Wuchereria bancrofti in China, Japan, and Egypt. It is a proven vector of 

 western equine and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in Washington (145) and is 

 known to transmit the organisms causing bird malaria. Heartworm of dogs 

 (Dirofilaria ii7imitis) is also transmitted by this species. 



Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Sayi 



Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 3:10. 

 Culex faligans Wiedmann, 1828, Auss. Zweifl., 1:10. 



ADULT FEMALE. — Medium sized species. Head: Proboscis dark scaled; palpi 

 short, dark. Occiput clothed dorsally with narrow golden scales and numerous 

 erect forked scales (forked scales of central portion usually pale, others dark 

 brown); scales of lateral region of occiput broad, whitish. Thorax: Integument 

 of scutum brown, covered with golden lanceolate scales (coarser than on C. 

 restiians, salinarius and nigripalpus), paler on prescutellar space. Abdomen: 

 Tergites dark scaled with bronze to metallic blue-green reflection, except for 

 conspicuous transverse basal bands and basal lateral patches of white scales; 

 each band broadly rounded on posterior margin, constricted laterally, narrowly 

 joining or entirely disconnected from the lateral patches. Venter predominantly 

 whitish scaled, usually speckled with a few brown scales, l^egs: Legs dark 

 scaled with bronze to metallic blue-green reflection, except for pale inner sur- 

 faces of femora and a few pale scales usually present at tips of tibiae. Wing: 

 Scales narrow, dark. 



ADULT MALE. — Coloration similar to that of female, but with basal bands 

 of abdomen broadly joined to the lateral basal patches and not rounded on 

 posterior margins. TERMINALIA (Fig. 136). Lobes of ninth tergite (IXT-L) 

 widely separated, only slightly raised, each bearing numerous setae. Tenth 

 sternite (X-S) crowned with numerous short pointed spines; basal arm (XS- 

 BA) variable in length, but usually represented by a short protuberance. Phal- 

 losome (Ph) formed of two large moderately sclerotized plates connected at 

 base. Ventral arm (Ph-VA) of each plate large, wing-like (broader and more 

 weakly sclerotized than in C. pipiens), curved outwardly, tapered to a point (a 

 much smaller pointed process, similarly curved, present laterally near middle 

 of plate on same plane as ventral arm); dorsal arm (Ph-DA) of each plate 

 long, slender, straight, pointed or narrowly rounded at tip, directed posteriorly 

 and crossing over the ventral arm nearly at right angle to its wing-like out- 

 ward extension. Claspette absent. Basistyle (Bs) nearly two and one-half 

 times as long as basal width, with outer margin curved, portion beyond sub- 

 apical lobe more slender, and apex bluntly rounded; vestiture of numerous 

 setae, longer on outer aspects. Subapical lobe (S-L) prominent, undivided, 

 with armature (in order from anterior margin) as follows: two long stout rods 



1 Consult Dyar (1928) and Edwards (1932) for additional synonyms of this species. 



