PREFACE ix 



answered with a simple yes or no. The questions were put 

 so that there would be no suggestion of any "wished-for" 

 answer in order that the correspondents express only what 

 each wished to express. 



In view of the fact that answers were received from 

 every region of the world, in which Minerva lists even a 

 single university, excepting the Philippines, China, Egypt, 

 South Africa, and the Balkan Peninsula, the summary 

 and classification of these answers, plus the opinions and 

 findings extracted from a general survey of the biological 

 literature of this generation, can truly be said to represent 

 a real cross section of present-day biological thought. 



The responses were so numerous and generous and so 

 much more complete than I had expected, that the sim- 

 ple thanks I can here accord, is by no means in keep- 

 ing with what these men deserve. I therefore wish to 

 extend to them not only my personal thanks, but that of 

 my South American audiences as well, who were loud in 

 their praise of these men. 



Most of the lectures have already appeared as separate 

 articles, both in English and in Spanish, in such journals 

 as The Quarterly Review of Biology, The Journal of 

 Social Psychology, La Clinica of Santiago de Chile, and 

 in various specialized Reviews of this and other lands. 



Edward J. v. K. Menge 

 Marquette University, 

 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 

 January, 1930 



