PRESENT-DAY BIOLOGICAL THOUGHT 53 



4. "Mechanistic evolution" is a straight-jacket for ex- 

 perimental work. "Emergent evolution" permits mental 

 freedom. However, if the writers on this theme permit 

 themselves to go on logically, it will drive them directly 

 into the philosophical position of the neoscholastics. Evo- 

 lution is not an automatic thing, but an intelligently 

 guided phenomenon. One thinks of the names of Lloyd 

 Morgan, Ritter, Lovejoy, and Noble, especially in this 

 regard. 



5. Too much time, beginning with Darwinism, has been 

 wasted in useless speculation. Even now, too many biol- 

 ogists are spending time in speculating, instead of apply- 

 ing the experimental facts to their pet theories. Biological 

 philosophy must be fitted to the facts, not facts to 

 preconceived notions. This, too, is being realized by 

 such men as Jennings, Morgan, Wheeler, and a host 

 of others. 



6. The line of human descent leads away from the apes, 

 rather than toward them. That our primitive ancestors 

 had a mind, hence intelligence, is revealed by additional 

 human discoveries ; wherever man has left traces besides 

 his own bones, those traces show the workings of an in- 

 telligence. These same traces show that the "cave man" 

 of popular fancy never existed : the cave man is an extra- 

 ordinarily intelligent man, endowed with a mind ; one who 

 had a religion, believed in a hereafter, honored his dead, 

 had a knowledge of handicrafts, and who practiced various 

 arts (painting, sculpturing, modeling, carving, etc.). Os- 

 born recently remarked in this regard, "Man is the most 



LulLISi'^AR YJ 



