110 NATIONAL TRENDS IN BIOLOGY 



2. The organization of the new Institute of Physico- 

 chemical Biology for the purpose of studying the physico- 

 chemical mechanism of life. 



The outstanding workers mentioned are : 



1. The botanist Noel Bernard, for his work in the plant 

 world, which is a sort of counterpart of Cleveland's work 

 in the animal world. Bernard has shown that the germina- 

 tion of orchid seeds is closely dependent upon the pres- 

 ence of a partner fungus. 



2. Yves Delage, whose work on artificial partheno- 

 genesis deserves special mention; 



3. Louis Pasteur, although belonging to an older gen- 

 eration, should always be named because his work and 

 that of his disciples is so far-reaching and ever new ; 



4. Baltzer, for his work which showed that a mere dis- 

 placement of young males of the green worm Bonellia 

 viridis would cause them to develop into an intermediary 

 sex form ; 



5. F. d'Herelle, for his discovery of the bacteriophage. 



The remaining names are Nobel Prize men, whose dis- 

 tinctive work is the best criterion of what work French- 

 men emphasize. 



6. Henri Moissan, in chemistry in 1906, for his work 

 on the elements of fluorine and the introduction of the 

 electric furnace into scientific technique; 



7. Vikto Grignard, in chemistry in 1912, for his work 

 in organic syntheses ; 



8. Paul Sabatier, in chemistry in 1912, for his remark- 



