TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface 5 



Chapter I. Uses and standardization of biological stains 9 



Chapter II. The general nature of dyes and their classification 23 



Chapter III. The theory of staining 43 



Chapter IV. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis of dyes 53 



Chapter V. Nitre and azo dyes 65 



1. Nitroso dyes 65 



2. Nitro dyes 66 



3. Azo dyes 69 



Mono-azo dyes 70 



Di-azo and poly-azo dyes 85 



Chapter VI. The quinone-imine dyes 101 



1 . The indamins 101 



2. The indophenols 102 



3. The thiazins 103 



4. The oxazins 117 



5. The azins 125 



Amino-azins or eurhodins 125 



Safranins 128 



Indulins 134 



Chapter VII. The phenyl methane dyes 137 



1. Diphenyl methane derivatives 138 



2. Triphenyl methane derivatives 139 



Di-amino triphenyl methanes 141 



Tri-amino triphenyl methanes (rosanilins) 146 



Hydroxy triphenyl methanes (rosolic acids) 171 



3. Diphenyl-naphthol methane derivatives 173 



Chapter VIII. The xanthene dyes 177 



1. The pyronins 177 



2. The rhodamines 180 



3. Fluoran derivatives (eosins) 184 



4. Phenolphthalein and the sulfonphthaleins 197 



5. Acridine dves 206 



Chapter IX. The natural dN-es 211 



1 . The indigo group 211 



2. Cochineal products 213 



3. Orcein and litmus 216 



4. Brazilin and hematoxylin 218 



Chapter X. Miscellaneous dyes, pigments and histochemical reagents 225 



1. Anthroquinone dyes 225 



2. Thiazole dyes 230 



3. Quinoline dyes 232 



4. Diazonium and tetrazonium salts 232 



5. Tetrazolium salts 235 



6. Mineral pigments 237 



Chapter XI. Neutral stains 239 



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