PREFACE 



tions and reading sections of the manuscript. The entire 

 chapter on insects has been read by Dr. C. P. Alexander of 

 Massachusetts Agricultural College; the mollusks by Dr. F. 

 C. Baker, and the worms and sponges by Dr. F. M. Smith, 

 both of the University of Illinois; the Trichoptera by Dr. C. 

 Betten, the crustaceans by Dr. G. C. Embody, the Coleoptera 

 by Dr. W. T. M. Forbes, the amphibians and reptiles by Dr. 

 A. H. Wright and Mrs. Anna Allen Wright, all of Cornell 

 University; the bryozoans by Dr. C. B. Davenport of the 

 Carnegie Institution; the Hemiptera by Dr. H. B. Hungerford 

 of the University of Kansas; the leeches by Dr. J. P. IVIoore of 

 the University of Pennsylvania; the plants by Dr. F. D. Reed 

 of Mount Holyoke College ; sections on water environment by 

 Dr. F. A. Saunders of Harvard University. Special thanks 

 are due to Professor S. H. Gage of Cornell University whose 

 comradeship in finding the facts has done much to make the 

 way to them straight and cheering. 



Those familiar with days of college teaching know that 

 there is not much spare time in them. Time to write this 

 book has been largely made possible by my colleagues in the 

 department of zoology at Mount Holyoke College, especially 

 Dr. A. Elizabeth Adams, Dr. Christianna Smith, Bemice 

 Maclean, Kathryn Stein, and Margaret Grierson, who have 

 given me every kind of help. As my special helper in this 

 work, Margaret Grierson has continually contributed her un- 

 tiring interest and keen insight. And the mainspring of 

 this as of most of the activities of this department has been 

 the enthusiasm of Dr. Cornelia M. Clapp. 



Some of the drawings have been made by the author 

 but most of them have been made under her direction by 

 Miss Grierson; Miss L. Krause at Yale University; Mrs. 

 E. L. Beutenmuller at the American Museum of Nattiral 

 History; Mrs. E. L. Burckmyer and Mr. V. S. L, Pate at 

 Cornell University. I appreciate the accuracy and skill with 

 which they have done their work. I extend my thanks to 



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