AQUATIC INSECTS 



Fig. 220. — A typical cranefly, EpipJiragma: i, 

 larva which lives among water soaked leaves; 2, pupa; 

 3, adult. 



dark horny plates. This bizarre tail-piece, known as the 

 spiracular disk (Fig 221), is thrust up to the surface of the 

 water for air. 



Fig. 221. — Spiracular disk, the tail-piece with 

 openings of air-tubes which Epiphragma thrusts up 

 for air. (From Alexander.) 



A favorite place for cranefly larvae such as the common 

 Epiphragma (Fig. 220) is among the water-logged sticks and 

 leaves which catch here and there in riffly brooks; others like 

 Antocha (Fig. 223) live in very rapid water; still others like 

 Pedicia (Fig. 226) are found in springs. Very many of the 

 larvae are only semi-aquatic, living in moist places in meadows, 

 in shady woodlands, in damp moss, and in decaying wood. 



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