302 



BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 



animals experimented upon, namely, guinea-pigs, rabbits, 

 and mice, are not susceptible to these diseases. 



Lister. — The other member of the great triumvirate of 

 bacteriology, Sir Joseph Lister (Fig. 94), was born in 1827 

 and lived until Feby. 11, 191 2; he was successively professor 



Fig. 94. — Sir Joseph Lister, 1827-1912. 



of surgery in the universities of Glasgow (i860) and of Edin- 

 burgh (1869), and in King's College, London (1877). His 

 practical application of the germ-theory introduced aseptic 

 methods into surgery and completely revolutionized that 

 field. This was in 1867. In an address given that year be- 

 fore the British ]\Iedical Association in Dublin, he said: 

 *'When it had been shown by the researches of Pasteur that 



