INDEX 



475 



126; features of his work, 127, 

 1 28; his idea of species, 128, 129; 

 influence on natural history, 125; 

 personal appearance, 125; per- 

 sonal history, 119; portrait, 124; 

 helped by his fiancee, 120; return 

 to Sweden, 123; and the rise of 

 natural history, 100-130; the Sys- 

 tema Naturae, 121, 125, 127; pro- 

 fessor in Upsala, 123; celebration 

 of two hundredth anniversary of 

 his birth, 124; as university lec- 

 turer, 123; wide recognition, 122; 

 summary on, 129-130 

 Lister, Sir Joseph, and antiseptic 



surgery, 302; portrait, 302 

 Loeb, 234; on artificial fertilization, 



441 ; on regulation, 440 

 Ludvvig, in physiology, 160; por- 

 trait, 160 

 Lyell, epoch-making work in geol- 

 ogy ^ 332; letter on Darwin and 

 Wallace, 428-430; portrait, S33 

 Lyonet, 89; portrait and personal- 

 ity, 90; great monograph on in- 

 sect anatomy, 91; illustrations 

 from, 92, 93, 94, 95; extraordi- 

 nary quality of his sketches, 92 



M 



Malpighi, 58-67; activity in re- 

 search, 62; anatomy of plants, 66; 

 anatomy of the silkworm, 63; 

 compared with Leeuwenhoek and 

 Swammerdam, 87; work in em- 

 bryology, 66, 202; rank as embry- 

 ologist, 205; honors at home and 

 abroad, 61; personal appearance, 

 58; portraits, 59, 204; sketches 

 from his embryological treatises, 

 203; and the theory of pre-delinea- 

 tion, 203 



Man, antiquity of, 366; evolution of, 

 365; fossil, 342, 366 



Marsh, O. C, portrait, 339 



Meckel, J. Fr., 162; portrait, 162 



Men, of biology, 7, 8; the foremost, 

 437; of science, 7 



Mendel, 315; alternative inherit- 

 ance, 317; law of, 317; purity of 

 the germ-cells, 317; portrait, 316; 

 rank of Mendel's discovery, 318, 

 319 



Microscope, Hooke's, Fig', of, 55; 

 Leeuwenhoek 's, 81, Figs, of, 82, 8^ 



Microscopic observation, introduc- 

 tion of, 54; of Hocke, 55; Grew, 

 55; Ehrenberg, 106; Malpighi, 

 66, 67; Leeuwenhoek, 81, 84, 85, 

 105 

 Microscopists, the pioneer, 54 

 Middle Ages, a remolding period, 



19; anatomy in, 24 

 Milne-Edwards, portrait, 157 

 Mimicry, 387 



Mohl, Von, 268; portrait, 269 

 Muller, Fritz, 230; O. Fr., 100 

 Muller, Johannes, as anatomist, 16^; 

 general influence, 185; influence 

 on physiology, 185; as a teacher, 

 185; his period in physiology, 184; 

 personality, 185; portrait, 187; 

 physiology after Muller, 188 



N 



Nageli, portrait, 268 

 Naples, biological station at, 454; 

 picture of, 453 



Natural history, of Gesner, 112, 113, 

 114; of Ray, 115-118; of Lin- 

 naeus, 118-130; sacred, no; rise 

 of scientific, 110-130 



Natural selection, 389; discovery of, 

 435; Darwin and Wallace on, 437; 

 extension of, by Weismann, 403; 

 illustrations of, 390; inadequacy 

 of, 395 



Nature, continuity of, 373; return 

 to, 19; renewal of observation, 19 



Naturphilosophie, school of, 160 



Neanderthal skull, 368 



Needham, experiments on sponta- 

 neous generation, 281 



Neo-Lamarckism, 386 



Newport, on insect anatomy, 100 



Nineteenth century, summary of 



discoveries in, 3 

 "^Nomenclature of biology, 126, 127 



Nucleus, discovery of, by Brown, 

 243; division of, 256, 314 



O 



Observation, arrest of, 17; renewal 

 of, 19; in anatomy, 26; and ex- 

 periment the method of science, 

 22, 39 



Oken, on cells, 241; portrait, 160 



Omne vivum ex ovo, 200 



Omnis cellula e cellula, 310 



