ACID FUCHSIN 



ADENOSINASE 



especially for the Tubercle Bacillus by 



Dubos, R. J., The Bacterial Cell. 

 Harvard Univ. Press, 1945, 460 pp. 

 There is present in the tubercle bacillus 

 mycolic acid which is acid fast even 

 after isolation in the pure state; but 

 the property of acid fastness is lost by 

 the bacilli under conditions that do not 

 destroy this acid. These conditions 

 involve destruction or impairment of 

 structure of the organisms by mechani- 

 cal, chemical or enzymatic means. 

 Apparently the cell surface must be 

 intact. Dubos quotes Yegian et al. as 

 showing that tubercle bacilli stained in 

 absence of electrolytes are uniformly 

 colored rods, that addition of electro- 

 lytes causes a beaded appearance and 

 that treatment with ethyl alcohol re- 

 stores uniform solid staining to beaded 

 organisms which means that the change 

 from beaded to uniform state is a re- 

 versible process. This dependence of 

 microscopic appearance on experi- 

 mental conditions of technique is ob- 

 viously a matter of great consequence 

 in leprosy as well as in tuberculosis. 

 The investigator has to check carefully 

 by study of living unstained bacilli. 



Acid Fuchsin (CI, 692) — acid magenta, acid 

 rubin, fuchsin S, SN, SS, ST or S Ill- 

 Commission Certified. Since this is a 

 sulfonated derivative of basic fuchsin, 

 and, because there are 4 possible pri- 

 mary basic fuchsins, Conn (p. 118) points 

 out that at least a dozen primary acid 

 fuchsins are possible and samples are 

 usually mixtures of several. Acid 

 fuchsin is employed is so many ways 

 that to enumerate them would be both 

 futile and unnecessary. See New 

 Fuchsin. 



Acid Green, see Light Green SF yellowish. 



Acid Green O, see Naphthol Green B. 



Acid Hemalum, see Hemalum. 



Acid Magenta, see Acid Fuchsin. 



Acid Orange II, Y or A, see Orange II. 



Acid Phosphatase, see Phosphatase. 



Acid Phloxine GR, see Chromotrope 2R. 



Acid Rubin, see Acid Fuchsin. 



Acid Violet. Several triphenyl methane 

 dyes come under this heading. Conn 

 (p. 132) says that the term "acid 

 violet" is too indefinite for identifica- 

 tion. This is unfortunate because dyes 

 bearing this label have been used in 

 several combinations as in Bensley's 

 Neutral Safranin acid violet. Bailey, 

 P., J. Med. Res., 1921, 42, 349-381 and 

 Maurer, S. and Lewis, D. D., J. Exp. 

 Med., 1922, 36, 141-156, working in 

 Bensley's laboratory, used it for the 

 pituitary. Acid violet is one of the 

 stains employed by Weiss, E., J. Inf. 

 Dis., 1928, 43, 228-231 to stain flagella 



and spirochetes (J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 

 1928-29, 14, 1191-1193). 



Acid Yellow, see Fast Yellow. 



Acid Yellow R, see Metanil Yellow. 



Acidity, see Hydrogen ion indicators. 



Acidophilic, see Staining. 



Acids, see under first name, Acetic Acid, 

 Hydrochloric Acid, etc . 



Ackerman, see Auer Bodies. 



Acridine Dyes. As the name suggests they 

 are formed from acridine which is re- 

 lated to xanthene. Examples: acri- 

 flavine, neutral acriflavine and phos- 

 phine. Phosphine 3R is employed as a 

 fluorochrome for lipids. 



Acridine Orange (CI, 788), a basic dye of 

 light fastness 1 to 2. Gives clear brown 

 or dark orange coloration of plant tis- 

 sues of exceptional fastness. Tech- 

 nique described (Emig, p. 55). 



Acridine Red 3B is, according to McClung, 

 Microscopical Technique, 1950, p. 73, 

 not an acridine dye but a pyromin 

 closely related to Pyronin Y. It has 

 been employed by Gomori, G., Am. J. 

 Path., 1936, 12, 655-663 mixed with 

 methyl green to reveal calcium salts 

 and phosphatase activity. 



Acriflavine (CI . 790) . A yellow fluorchrome . 

 It is useful as a vital stain for nuclei. 

 Farr, R. S., Anat. Rec, 1946, 94, 16, 

 has employed acriflavine hydrochloride 

 to label transfused leucocytes and to 

 determine how long they remain in the 

 circulation. 



Actinomyces. Mallory's stain for actino- 

 myces in sections (Mallory, p. 279). 

 For the organisms, fixation in alcohol 

 or in 10% formalin is preferable; but 

 for the lesions, Zenker's fluid is better. 

 Stain deparaffinized sections in Alum 

 Hematoxylin 3-5 min. After washing 

 in water stain in 2.5% aq. phloxine or 

 in 5% aq. eosin in paraffin oven, 15 min. 

 After again washing, stain in Stirling's 

 or Ehrlich's aniline crystal violet (see 

 Anilin Crystal Violet), 5-15 min. Wash 

 in water and treat with Gram's Iodine, 

 1 min. Wash in water, blot and destain 

 in aniline oil until no further color 

 comes out. Rinse in xylol and mount 

 in balsam. Branched forms, blue; 

 clubs, pink to red. 



Actinosphaerium, see McClung, Microscopi- 

 cal Technique, 1950, p. 469. 



Addis Count to provide quantitative data 

 on number of red blood cells and casts 

 in the urine is critically described by 

 C. J. Gentzkow and H. A. Van Auken 

 in Simmons and Gentzkow, p. 32. 



Adenosinase. A method for analysis of 

 adenosinase in lymphocytes and poly- 

 morphonuclear leucocytes (neutro- 

 philes) is given by Barnes, J. M., Brit. 

 J. Exp. Path., 1940, 21, 264-275. 



