ALVEOLAR SIZE 



9 



AMLXE OXIDASE 



(Macklin, C. C, Jour, of Thor. Surg., 

 1938, 7, 53&-551, Macklin, C. C, The 

 Lancet, Feb. 24, 1951, 432-435). See 

 also Loosli, C. G., Arch. Path., 1937, 24, 

 743, and Loosli, C. G., Amer. J. of Anat., 

 1938, 62, 375. When the entire fresh 

 collapsed lungs are fi.xed b}^ filling them 

 with preservative via the trachea, or 

 when parts of the lung are so filled via 

 a bronchus, the alveolar walls are com- 

 pressed and flattened, and here the 

 pores appear as holes punched in thick 

 paper; and if the distention has been 

 great the morphology of the pore and 

 its relation to the environing capillary 

 is not obvious (Macklin, C. C., Trans. 

 Roy. Soc. Can., Sect. V, 1934, 28: p. 28; 

 J. Anat. [pt. 2] 1935, 69, 188; J. Assoc. 

 Am. Med. Coll., 1935, 10, 265; Arch. 

 Path., 1936, 21, 202). Pores are well 

 seen "en face" in frozen sections which 

 have been dried on the slide. 



The foregoing description refers to 

 true pores. A second type of communi- 

 cation between adjoining alveoli occurs 

 in "medical emphysema" or alveolar 

 ectasia and is due to the wasting of 

 the alveolar sidewalls or bases. These 

 openings may be very large and numer- 

 ous, and the walls are then said to be 

 riddled with them. Pathologists are 

 familiar with this type of "false pore". 

 The true type of pore is usually un- 

 discernible in the collapsed lung tissue 

 examined by pathologists. 



Alveolar Size, in the lungs. For techniques 

 used in determining alveolar size in ten 

 mammalian types see the papers of 

 W. S. Hartroft and C. C. Macklin in 

 the bibliography of the 26th Lewis Linn 

 McArthur Lecture of the Frank Billings 

 Foundation; by C. C. Macklin in Proc. 

 of the Institute of Medicine of Chicago, 

 1950, 18, 78-95. 



Alveolus of the Lungs. The morphologj', 

 in sections, can best be demonstrated 

 in small animals by immersion of the 

 fresh skinned intact thorax in a fixative, 

 such as Bouin's fluid. See Fixation of 

 the uncollapsed lung. 



Alzheimer's Modification of Mann's eosin- 

 methyl blue for neuroglia and degenerate 

 nerve fibers as given by Mallory (p. 245) 

 is abbreviated. Fix thin slices, 14 days, 

 in Weigert's Neuroglia Mordant -f 10% 

 of formalin. Wash 8-12 hrs. in running 

 water. Mordant lO^i frozen sections 

 2-12 hrs. in sat. aq. phosphomolybdic 

 acid. Wash 2 changes aq. dest. Stain 

 in Mann's Eosin Methyl Blue 1-5 hrs. 

 Wash quickly in aq. dest. until color 

 "clouds" are no longer given off. 

 Treat with 95% alcohol until gray matter 

 becomes light blue and white matter 

 pink or bright red. Dehydrate quickly 

 in absolute alcohol, clear in xylol and 



mount in balsam. Normal axis cylin- 

 ders, purple or deep blue ; degenerating 

 ones, red; neuroglia fibers, dark blue; 

 and neuroglia cytoplasm, pale blue. 

 Mallory states that change from blue to 

 red staining of axis cylinders occurs as 

 soon as 48 hrs. after experimental lesion. 



Amanil Garnet H., see Erie Garnet B. 



Amaranth (CI, 184) — azo rubin, Bordeaux, 

 Bordeaux SF, fast red, naphthol red S, 

 C or O, Victoria rubin O, wool red — An 

 acid mono-azo dye used long ago by 

 Griesbach, H., Zeit. wis. mikr., 1886, 

 3, 358-385 to color axis cylinders. 



Amebae. The techniques that have been 

 and can be employed for the organisms 

 are almost endless. In brief, these are 

 their examination in the living condi- 

 tion unstained using ordinary, phase 

 and dark field microscopes, imple- 

 mented or not by supravital stains. As 

 a beginning, the method of Meyers is 

 suggested: washed amebae in a clean 

 vessel are allowed to settle to the 

 bottom. They are then fixed in warm 

 Bouin's Fluid, concentrated in a centri- 

 fuge tube and stained with Grenacher's 

 borax carmine and Indulin (Meyers, 

 E. H., Trans. Am. Micr. Soc, 1933, 52, 

 58). For showing cytoplasmic com- 

 ponents of Amoeba Proteus, see Mast, 

 S. O. and Doyle, W. L., Arch. f. Pro- 

 tistenk., 1935, 86, 155. To determine 

 the density of amebae a starch Density 

 Gradient is recommended by Lovtrup, 

 S. C. rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. Chim., 

 1950, 27, 137-144. For determination 

 of permiability of nucleus see Monn6, 

 L., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1935, 

 32, 1197. The technique for enucelation 

 of fresh water amebae advised by 

 Holter, H. and Kopac, M. J., J. Cell, 

 and Comp. Physiol., 1937, 10, 423 is 

 recommended. See Entameba. 



Amethyst Violet (CI, 847)— heliotrope B, 

 iris violet — It is a basic azin dye of 

 little importance to histologists. 



Amine Oxidase. Oster, K. A. and Schloss- 

 man, N. C, J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 

 1942, 20, 373-378. As explained by 

 Glick, p. 93, the method is based on 

 detection of aldehyde formed by amine 

 oxidation. The Fuelgen sulphurous 

 acid agent (see Thymonucleic Acid) is 

 employed for microscopic visualization 

 of aldehyde. Binding of naturally 

 occurring aldehydes and "plasmal" is 

 accomplished with bisulphite so that 

 they do not invalidate the method. 

 Because the color produced diffuses, 

 localization is subject to criticism. 



Place frozen sections of fresh tissue 

 in 2% aq. sodium bisulphite at 37°C., 24 

 hrs. wash thoroughly. Control sec- 

 tions immersed in Feulgen agent should 

 remain colorless showing that free 



