BERBERINE SULPHATE 



35 



BILE 



ing fungi in epidermal scales and hair, 

 which differentiates epithelial cells, 

 blood cells, bacteria and 'mosaic 

 fungi'. The following account was 

 written by D. A. Berberian, American 

 University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 

 June 22, 1946: 



Fix small pieces of scales or hair on a 

 slide with 50% aq. glacial acetic acid 

 by drying in an incubator. Defat, 

 clear, hydrate, and wash off the acid as 

 follows: Cover the preparation with 

 ether 2-3 times, 20-30 sec. each; flood 

 twice with absolute acetone, 30-60 sec. 

 each; and then flood consecutively with 

 absolute, 95, 70 and 50 per cent alcohol. 

 Stain for 3-5 min. with Martinotti's 

 solution (aq. dest., 75 cc; lithium car- 

 bonate, 0.5 gm.; and toluidine blue, 

 1 gm. After the stain dissolves, add 

 20 cc. glycerin and 5 cc. 95% alcohol). 

 Wash gently in water and differentiate 

 with 0.5% acetic acid. Dehydration is 

 best carried out by 3-4 changes of 

 absolute acetone kept 2-3 minutes each 

 time. Pass through xylol and mount 

 in Euparol or any other neutral mount- 

 ing agent. Success of preparation 

 depends largely on proper differentia- 

 tion, dehydration and de-acidification. 

 See Fungi. 



Berberine Sulphate. An alkaloid used as a 

 fiuorochrome for malarial parasites 

 (Metcalf, R. L. and Patton, R. L., 

 Stain Techn., 1944, 19, 11-22). 



Bergamot Oil is sometimes used for clearing 

 because it will mix with 95% alcohol. 



Berlin Blue is another name for Prussian 

 Blue (a metallic pigment). It is em- 

 ployed for microchemical detection of 

 Iron. Kremer, Zeit. f. wiss. mikr., 

 1938, 54, 429-432 suggests proceeding as 

 follows: Fix in absolute alcohol. De- 

 paraffinize 10/x sections. Bleach in 3-5% 

 H2O2 3-5 days. Wash carefully in aq. 

 dest. Quickly darken in (NH4)2S. 

 Transfer to K ferrocyanide and HCl. 

 Iron gives blue color. 



Curiously enough when injection of 

 blood vessels is demanded this mineral 

 pigment is usually called for as Berlin 

 blue. Thus the Bensleys (p. 153) give 

 directions for making up Tandler's 

 Berlin blue gelatin. Soak and melt 5 

 gms. pure gelatin in 100 cc. aq. dest. 

 Add sufficient Berlin blue to give desired 

 color and then 5-6 gms. potassium iodide 

 and a crystal of thymol as a preservative. 

 Inject this mass, which is fluid above 

 17°C. Fix tissues in 5% formalin which 

 preserves it even through decalcifica- 

 tion. 



Beryllium. In various forms and dosages 

 in production of osteogenic sarcomata 

 in rabbits (Hoagland, M. B., Grier, 



R. S., and Hood, M. B., Cancer Rea., 

 1950, 10, 629-635. 



Best's Carmine. Griibler's carminum ru- 

 brum optimum, or some other good 

 carmine, 2 gm. ; potassium carbonate, 

 1 gm.; potassium chloride, 5 gm.; aq. 

 dest., 60 cc. Boil gently until color 

 darkens, cool and add 20 cc. cone, am- 

 monia. Allow to ripen 24 hrs. This 

 is stock solution. Used to stain Glyco- 

 gen. See Bensley, C. M., Stain Tech., 

 1939, 14, 47-52. 



Beta Particles, influence in making radio- 

 autographs, see McClung's Microscopi- 

 cal Technique, 1950, p. 707. 



Beyer Brown, a diazo dye, stains in aq. or 

 alcoholic solution like a good Ehrlich's 

 hematoxylin (H. G. Cannan, J. Roy. 

 Micr. Soc, 1941, 61, 88-94). 



Biaxial Bodies, see McClung's Microscopical 

 Technique, 1950, p. 605. 



Bichromate-Chromic-Osmic mixture, see 

 Champy's Fixative. 



Blebrich Scarlet, water soluble (CI, 280) — 

 croceine scarlet, double scarlet BSF. 

 Ponceau B, scarlet B or EC — An acia 

 dis-azo dye much used in histology. 

 See Bowie. 



Blebrich Scarlet and Picro-Anilin Blue, 

 as a differential stain for connective 

 tissue and muscle (Lillie, R. D., Arch. 

 Path., 1940, 29, 705). Deparaffinize 

 sections of material fixed in formalin, 

 Zenker's or Orth's fluid. Stain for 5 

 min. in following: Dissolve 1 gm. 

 hematoxylin in 95% ale. and 4 cc. 29% 

 aq. FeCla in 95 cc. aq. dest. -f- 1 cc. 

 cone, hydrochloric acid. Mix and use 

 while fairly fresh. Wash in tap water. 

 Stain for 4 min. in 0.2 gm. Biebrich 

 scarlet + 100 cc. 1% aq. acetic acid. 

 Rinse again inaq. dest. Stain for 4 min. 

 in 0.1 gm. anilin blue W.S. (CC.) + 

 100 cc. sat. aq. picric acid. Wash for 

 3 min. in 1% aq. acetic acid. Dehydrate 

 in acetone or alcohol. Clear and mount 

 in salicylic acid balsam. Connective 

 tissue, glomerular basement membrane 

 and reticulum, deep blue; muscle and 

 plasma, pink; erythrocytes, scarlet. 

 (Checked by R. D. Lillie, National In- 

 stitute of Health, Bethesda, Md., April 

 22, 1946.) 



Bielchowsky Silver Methods. These are 

 designed for the nervous system and 

 consist essentially of formalin fixation, 

 silver impregnation, washing, treating 

 with ammoniacal silver solution, wash- 

 ing and reduction in formalin. Several 

 useful modifications are detailed by 

 Addison (McClung, pp. 463-466). See 

 Nervous System, Silver Methods. 



Bile. This frequently comes in for micro- 

 scopic examination of centrifuged sedi- 

 ment. Stitt (p. 761) says that one must 

 be on the lookout especially for: (1) 



