BRAZILWOOD 



52 



BUFFERS 



tion antecedents in pale blue droplets; 

 mitochondria, reddish-purple; connec- 

 tive tissue, blue; erythrocytes, orange- 

 red; etc. 



Brazilwood. The true brazilwood is of the 

 tree, Caesalpina echinata and its varie- 

 ties. It yields a dye stuff formerly 

 much used after an aluminum mordant 

 for fabrics, except silk, to which it gave 

 a bright red color. After potassium 

 bichromate as a mordant the color ob- 

 tained was purple red. The term 

 "brazil" is from the arable word 

 "braza" meaning fiery red. Leggett 

 writes that increased use of brazilwood 

 in Europe resulted from the delivery 

 of Asiatic brazilwood directly to Lisbon 

 made possible by Vasco da Gama's dis- 

 covery of an all water route from India 

 around the Cape of Good Hope and, 

 further, that three years later a Portu- 

 guese expedition bound for India missed 

 the mark and landed on the north east- 

 ern bulge of South America where the 

 voyagers found many brazilwood trees 

 so they called the land "Terra de 

 Brazil" (Leggett, W. F., Ancient and 

 Medieval Dyes, Brooklyn: Chemical 

 Publishing Co., Inc., 1944, 95 pp.). 



Breast, see Mammary Glands. 



Brilliant Alizarin Biue(CI, 931), a basic dye 

 of light fastness 3 to 4. Gives darker 

 color than New Methylene Blue (Emig, 

 p. 61). 



Brilliant Blue C, see Brilliant Cresyl Blue. 



Brilliant Congo R, see Vital Red. 



Brilliant Congo Red R, see Vital Red. 



Brilliant Cresyl Blue (CI, 877)— brilliant 

 blue C, cresyl blue 2RN or BBS- 

 Commission Certified. This basic oxa- 

 zin dye is used for making Platelet 

 Counts and for many other purposes. 



Brilliant Dianil Red R, see Vital Red. 



Brilliant Fat Scarlet B, see Sudan R. 



Brilliant Green (CI, 662) — diamond green, 

 ethyl green, malachite green G, solid 

 green JJO — Commission Certified. This 

 di -amino tri-phenyl methane dye is used 

 to color culture media. 



Brilliant Pink B, see Rhodamine B. 



Brilliant Ponceau G, see Ponceau 2R. 



Brilliant Purpurin R (CI, 454). An acid 

 dis-azo dye. Conn (p. 62) says that 

 this is the dye which Gutstein, M., Zeit. 

 f. Ges. Exp. Med., 1932, 82, 479-524 

 called "brilliant purpur R" and used as 

 a vital stain for yeasts. 



Brilliant Vital Red. Use in determination of 

 plasma volume is justified, since the dye 

 is not taken into the erythrocytes (Gre- 

 gersen, M. I., and Schiro, H., Am. J. 

 Physiol., 1938, 121, 284-292). See Vital 

 Red. 



Brilliant Yellow (CI, 364), an acid dis-azo 

 dye of light fastness 3 apparently of 



little use as a stain for paraflRn sections. 

 In acid solutions colors resinous tissues 

 bright yellow, and in alkaline solutions, 

 blue-green algae a clear yellow (Emig, 

 p. 39). 



Bromcresol Green. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromcresol Purple. See Hydrogen Ion In- 

 dicators. 



Bromine. According to Lison (p. 110) 

 bromine has not been investigated histo- 

 chemically in animal tissues. For its 

 detection in plants consult Mangenot, 

 H. G., Bull. d'Hist. Appl., 1927, 4, 

 52-71. 



Bromphenol Blue. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromphenol Red. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromthymol Blue. See Hydrogen ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bronchial Aspirates, see Papanicolaou Tech- 

 niques. 



Bronchiolar Epithelium — Written by C. C. 

 Macklin, Dept. of Histological Re- 

 search, The University of Western 

 Ontario, London, Canada. November 

 28, 1951— For the dark and light cells, 

 as revealed by supravital silverization, 

 see Ammoniacal Silver. For a means to 

 demonstrate the continuation of the 

 network of surface silver lines from the 

 bronchiolar epithelium to the alveolar 

 walls, in en face views, see Silver Linea- 

 tion. Mitochondria in the "villus" 

 cells are abundant and often apparently 

 merged (Macklin, C. C, Anat. Rec, 

 1949, 103, 550; Rev. can. de Biol., 1949, 

 8, 328; and Proc. Instit. of Med. of 

 Chicago, 1950, 18, 78-95— the 26th 

 Lewis Linn McArthur Lecture). They 

 are well demonstrated by Altviann^s 

 method of anilin fuchsin and picric acid 

 (which see). Tumor formation in the 

 bronchiolar epithelium of rats that have 

 been subjected to urethane (which see) 

 has been described by Rosin (Cancer 

 Res., 1949, 9, 583). 



Bronz Bromo, see Eosin Y. 



Brown Salt R, see Chrysoidin Y. 



Brownian Movement. Calculation of cyto- 

 plasmic viscosity through measurement 

 of displacement of particles in Brownian 

 movement gives results not very differ- 

 ent from determinations by the centrif- 

 ugation method (Danielli in Bourne, 

 p. 31). 



Brucella Ring Test, see Triphenyltetra- 

 zolium Chloride. 



Buffalo Garnet R, see Erie Garnet B. 

 Buffers. For many purposes it is essential 

 to use solutions buffered at a certain pH. 

 Details concerning numerous buffers are 

 given by Clark, W. M., The Determina- 

 tion of Hydrogen Ions. Baltimore: 

 Williams & Wilkins, 1928, 717 pp. 



