CARMINE-GELATIN INJECTIONS 



61 



CARR-PRICE REACTION 



exposed in a closed compartment to air 

 laden with the dust of dry powdered 

 carmine. Agitation is by fan or blast 

 from air-main. Atropinization facili- 

 tates entry into the lung alveoli. One 

 hour suffices to mark the alveolar phago- 

 cytes (phagocytic pneumonocytes — 

 which see) with red particles. The 

 cytological picture varies with the 

 time elapsing after cessation of the 

 dusting (Macklin, C. C, The Lancet, 

 Feb. 24, 1951, 432-435). See Dust Cells. 

 Carmine-Gelatin Injections of blood vessels. 

 Methods have been reviewed by Moore, 

 R. A., J. Tech. Methods, 1929, 12, 55- 

 58. He proposes a more accurate 

 technique for preparation of the gelatin 

 mass. Allow 80 gms. gelatin to take up 

 200 cc. cold water and heat to complete 

 the gel . Suspend 20 gms . carmine in 100 

 cc. water and add ammonia until dis- 

 solved. Mix the gelatin and carmine 

 solutions and add 15 gms. potassium 

 iodide to reduce gelation point to less 

 than 25°C. Place in water bath at 

 25 °C. and immerse a prepared platinum 

 electrode in it. Pass electrolytic hydro- 

 gen from a tank over the electrode and 

 agitate the gelatin with a motor stirrer. 

 Read electrical potential by balancing 

 against a standard cell. Add acetic acid 

 cautiously until reading of voltage corre- 

 sponds to pH 7.2. 



Two other techniques are listed by 

 Moore: 1. Dissolve 40 gms. carmine in 

 40 cc. strong ammonia and add water. 

 Allow to stand 12-24 hrs. and filter 

 through paper. Boil filtrate until it is 

 ammonia free. Precipitate the carmine 

 as a colloidal gel by adding 95% alcohol. 

 Filter, wash well with alcohol and dry 

 material collected. Dissolve 2 gm. in 

 5 cc. water and add 5 cc. 100 percent 

 gelatin in water thus making the product 

 20% carmine and 50% gelatin (Bensley, 

 R. R., personal communication to Dr. 

 R. A. Knouff). 2. Triturate 40 gms. 

 carmine Merck NFIV with 40 cc. strong 

 ammonia and add water to 200 cc . After 

 standing 24 hrs. filter through paper. 

 Boil filtrate down to 100 cc, add water 

 to 200 cc. and repeat. Add 70 gms. 

 gelatin dissolved in water and make up 

 with water to 1 liter (MacCallum, D. B., 

 Am. J. Anat., 1926,38, 153-175). 

 Carmoisine, see Chromotrope 2 R. 

 Carnoy-Lebrun fixative for insects and ticks. 

 Equal parts chloroform, absolute alcohol 

 and acetic acid saturated with mercuric 

 chloride. See Slifer-King Method. 

 Carnoy's Fluid in abs. ale, 6 parts; chloro- 

 form, 3 parts; and glacial acetic acid, 1 

 part. Also known as Van Gehuchten's 

 mixture. A very quick fixative. Do 

 not wash in water but in 95% ale. It is 

 employed for many purposes. See 



Fibrin, Foot's Method, Glycogen Neu- 

 rofibrils. 

 Carotene (Carotin), put green leaves in sat. 

 aq. KOH, 1 part; 40% ethyl alcohol, 2 

 parts and tap water 3 parts in wide 

 mouthed bottle with tight glass stopper 

 to prevent absorption of CO2 from air 

 or seal with vaseline. Keep several 

 days in dark until tissue is yellow and 

 fluid is green. Change pieces to aq. 

 dest. several hours. Remove small 

 pieces, dry on slide with filter paper. 

 Add 1 drop cone. H2SO4. It turns 

 green, then blue. Under microscope 

 carotene crystals appear dark blue 

 (Steiger, A., Microkosmos, 1941, 8, 

 121-122). Carotene is a precursor of 

 Vitamin A. 

 Carotinalbumins. Combinations of caro- 

 tinoid pigments with protein. Rather 

 uncommon. As an example Lison (p. 

 245) cites the blue carotinalbumin in 

 the carapace of the lobster which on 

 boiling is split into a protein and a red 

 carotinoid. 

 Carotinoids. Pigments which are non- 

 saturated and nonnitrogenous hydro- 

 carbons. Entirely different chemically 

 from fats, they are nevertheless only 

 present in vivo as solutions within 

 lipoids. They generally appear yellow, 

 orange or brown in unstained frozen 

 sections mounted in syrup of levulose. 

 Lison (p. 244) indicates that tissues con- 

 taining these pigments can sometimes 

 be embedded in paraffin, because they 

 are only slowly soluble in cold alcohol. 

 They are however more quickly soluble 

 in chloroform, acetone petroleum ether 

 and toluol. According to Lison (p. 245) 

 they are always easily identifiable by 

 the fact that when treated with concen- 

 trated sulphuric acid they turn intense 

 blue before being destroyed. Treated 

 with solution of iodine-iodide (say 

 Gram's, Lugol's) they give a black green 

 or brown color. When treated with 

 solution of chromic acid they lose their 

 color more or less quickly. See Lipids, 

 tabular analysis, also Carotin. 

 Carr-Price Reaction for vitamin A. When 

 frozen sections of liver are plunged 

 directly into a solution of antimony 

 trichloride in chloroform and immedi- 

 ately examined therein mitochondria 

 take bright blue color which fades within 

 30 min. (Bourne, G., Austral. J. Exp. 

 Biol. & Med. Sci., 1935, 13, 238-249). 

 Antimony trichloride is said not to be 

 specific for vitamin A since it also gives 

 blue color with carotinoid pigments 

 (Bourne, p. 106). Sterols yield by this 

 reaction a red color (Raoul, Y. and 

 Meunier, R., J. Pharm. Chim., 1939, 29, 

 112-118). 



