CEPHALIN 



69 



CHAMPY-KULL'S METHOD 



cleared and mounted the sections. Rio 

 Hortega (P., Trab. Lab. Invest. Biol. 

 Univ. Madrid, 1916,14, 117)has obtained 

 beautiful silver preparations of centro- 

 somes. Addison (McClung, 1950 p. 378) 

 advises fixation in Flemming's Fluid 

 or in Allen's chromic-urea modification 

 of Bouin's Fluid followed by staining 

 with Heidenhain's Iron Hematoxylin. 



A detailed investigation of the effects 

 of a great many fixatives on the mitotic 

 figure in chaetopterus eggs has been 

 made by Fry (Fry, H.J. Biol. Bull., 1933, 

 65, 207-237). He concluded (1) that 

 acetic acid, picric acid, formaldehj'de 

 and alcohol and certain combinations of 

 them are most useful as fixatives (2) 

 that anesthetics like chloroform and 

 ether and inorganic fixatives are to be 

 avoided; (3) that the fixatives must be 

 diluted to about 10% of the original con- 

 centration with aq. dest. or better with 

 sea water. Comparable information for 

 human tissues is lacking. 



Cephalin, a phosphatide, is a compound of 

 phosphoric acid, glycerol, 2 fatty acid 

 molecules and amino ethyl alcohol. It 

 differs also from lecithin in being only 

 very slightly soluble in alcohol, see 

 Lipoids. 



Cerasin R, see Bordeaux Red. 



Cerasln Red, see Sudan HL 



Cerebrosides are galactosides, that is com- 

 pounds of fatty acid, galactose and 

 sphingosine, without phosphorus, sol- 

 uble in benzene, pyridine and hot 

 alcohol and almost insoluble in ether, 

 see Lipoids. 



Cerebrospinal Fluid. Total cell count is 

 best made in a Fuchs-Rosenthal count- 

 ing chamber. In making smears for 

 the differential count it may be neces- 

 sary first to add a little albumin fixa- 

 tive to the slides to get the cells to 

 stick (C. J. Lind in Simmons and Gentz- 

 kow, p. 91). 



Ceresin Imbedding. Ceresin is purified 

 ozokerite, a mixture of hydrocarbons, 

 with melting point 61-78°C. used as a 

 substitute for beeswax and for other 

 purposes. Waddington, C. H. and 

 Kriebel, J., Nature, 1935, 136, 685 ad- 

 vise for hard objects like feathers addi- 

 tion of ceresin to a paraffin of slightly 

 lower melting point than that usually 

 employed. The whole, when cooled, has 

 a very fine texture. See the methyl 

 benzoate celloidin ceresin method of 

 'Espinasse for imbedding hard objects 

 in a suitable condition for sectioning as 

 described by Lee (p. 96) and Waterman, 

 H. C, Stain Techn., 1939, 14, 55-62. 

 Ceresin can be obtained from Shell Oil 

 Co., melting point, 82-85°C. 



Cerium, see Atomic Weights. 



Ceroid. This is a wax like endogenous pig- 



ment (G. keros, wax -f eidos, resem- 

 blance). It is greenish yellow to golden 

 brown in color, fluorescent, acid fast, 

 stains with fat dyes as well as with 

 methyl green, and is relatively insoluble 

 in fat solvents. Ceroid has oeen sepa- 

 rated from the tissues of rats, collected 

 en masse and analyzed by Moore, T. 

 and Wang, Y. H. (Brit. J. Nutr., 1947, 



I, 53-64). Mason, K. E. and Emmel, 

 A. F. (Anat. Rec, 1945, 92, 33-59) con- 

 sider its demonstration in muscle to 

 be reliable indication of vitamin E 

 deficiency. Grenados, H., Mason, K. 

 E. and Dam, H. (Acta Path., 1947, 24, 

 86-95) present evidence in rats of a 

 metabolic relationship between vitamin 

 E and unsaturated fatty acids. A help- 

 ful summary of the distribution of 

 ceroid pigment in human tissues is 

 supplied by Pappenheimer, A. M. and 

 Victor, J. (Am. J. Path., 1946, 22, 

 395-412). The properties of ceroid pig- 

 ment in relation to experimental necro- 

 sis in rats and mice, as revealed by many 

 histochemical techniques, are presented 

 by Lee, C. S. (J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 



II, 339-347). The important point is 

 made that there are easily noticeable 

 differences between the ceroids of these 

 two species. An interesting technique 

 for the study of ceroidlike substances 

 is to produce them in vitro and in vivo 

 from certain lipids and erythrocytes 

 as has been done by Hartroft, W. S. 

 (Science, 1951, 113, 673-674). 



Cerotine Ponceau 3B, see Sudan IV. 



Cerulein MS (CI, 783) — Anthracene Green, 

 Coerulein MS — a mordant dye of light 

 fastness 3 to 4 gives unsatisfactory 

 coloration of animal tissues. Direc- 

 tions for plants (Emig, p. 55). 



Cervical Swab-Smears, see Paparnicolaou 

 Techniques. 



Cesares-Gil flagella stain evaluated, 

 Thatcher, L. M., Stain Techn., 1926, 

 1, 143-144. 



Cesium, spectrograph c analysis of, in 

 retina (Scott, G. H. and Canaga, B., 

 Jr., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1939, 

 40, 275). 



Cestoda, see Parasites, Taenia. 



Cevitamic Acid, see Vitamin C. 



Chalkley ratio method for determining rela- 

 tive volumetric composition of tissue 

 sections (Chalkley, H. W., J. Nat. 

 Cancer Inst., 1943, 4, 47). 



Chambers, see Micromanipulation. 



Champy-KuH's Method of anilin fuchsin, 

 toluidine blue and aurantia for mito- 

 chondria. Fix in Champy's fluid (3% 

 potassium bichromate, 7 cc. ; 1% chromic 

 acid, 7 cc. ; 2% osmic acid, 4 cc.) 24 hrs. 

 Wash in aq. dest. Place in pyrolig- 

 neous acid, 1 part and 1% chromic acid, 

 2 parts 20 hrs. Wash aq. dest. 30 min. ; 



