CHAMPY'S FLUID 



70 



CHLORAZOL PAPER BROWN B 



mordant 3% aq. potassium bichromate, 

 3 days. Wash running water 24 hrs., 

 dehydrate, clear, imbed and section 

 at 4ju. Remove paraffin from sections. 

 Stain with anilin acid fuchsin (acid 

 fuchsin 10 gms., anilin water 100 cc.) 

 heated over spirit lamp and allow to cool 

 6 min. Rinse in aq. dest. Counter- 

 stain in 0.5% aq. toluidine blue 1-2 min. 

 Rinse inaq. dest., then 0.5%aurantiain 

 70% alcohol 20-40 sec. Differentiate in 

 95% alcohol, dehydrate, clear and 

 mount. Mitochondria red, nuclei blue 

 and ground substance yellow. 



Champy's Fluid is 3% potassium bichro- 

 mate, 7 parts ; 1% chromic acid, 7 parts ; 

 and 2% osmic acid, 4 parts. It is an 

 excellent fixative for cytologic details. 



Charcot-Leyden's Crystals. Octahedral 

 phosphate crystals found in stools of 

 persons infected with Endameba his- 

 tolytica and in a variety of other condi- 

 tions. See description and illustration 

 by Craig, p. 58. 



Cheese. Bacteria in, see Hucker, G. J., 

 N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 

 1921,87(McClung, p. 147). 



Chelidonium, see Fluorescence Microscopy, 

 shows "secondary" fluorescence. 



Chicago Blue, see escape from venules after 

 intravenous injection (Smith, F. and 

 Rous, P., J. Exp. Med., 1931, 54, 499- 

 514). 



Chick, see Chorioallantoic Membrane. 



China Blue, see Anilin Blue. 



Chitin. This is a keratoid, or keratin-like, 

 substance which is an important part 

 of the exoskeleton and hard parts of 

 invertebrates (G. chiton, a coat). It is 

 soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric 

 and hydrochloric acids; relatively in- 

 soluble in alcohol, ether, dilute acids 

 and alkalies. There are several color 

 reactions for chitin. Lillie (p. 147) 

 applies to chitin, thoroughly washed 

 after treatment with potassium hydrox- 

 ide, 33% aq. zinc chloride to which 3-5 

 drops cone. aq. iodine potassium iodide 

 have been added to each 10 cc. Chitin 

 becomes brown on the surface, violet 

 within. Chitin is colored red violet 

 by a solution containing: iodine, 50 

 mg., potassium iodide 50 mg., calcium 

 chloride 16 gm. and aq. dest. 4 cc. 



1. A method for softening of chitin in 

 formalin fixed insects (Murray, J. A., 

 J. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1937_, 57, 15). Fix 

 primarily in 10% formalin in 0.8% aq. 

 sodium chloride, or indefinitely. Fix sec- 

 ondarily and dehydrate in equal parts 

 absolute alcohol, chloroform and glacial 

 acetic acid + corrosive sublimate to satu- 

 ration (about 4%). Warm together equal 

 parts chloral hydrate and phenol until 

 they fuse and form an oily liquid which is 

 fluid at room temperature . Leave speci- 



mens in this 12-24 hrs. or longer. Clear 

 in chloroform, xylol or carbon disul- 

 phide. Imbed in paraffin. 



2. According to Hennings (see Lee, 

 p. 597) fixation of insects in the following 

 mixture softens the chitin sufficiently 

 to permit the making of paraffin sections: 

 nitric acid, 16 cc. ; 5% aq. chromic acid, 

 16 cc; sat. corrosive sublimate in 60% 

 alcohol, 24 cc; sat. aq. picric acid, 12 

 cc; and abs. ale, 42 cc. Fixation is 

 12-24 hrs. followed by washing in iodine 

 alcohol. An older method is to soften 

 chitin by treatment with a solution of 

 hypochlorite of soda (Lee, p. 249). 

 See Diaphanol, N. Butyl Alcohol, In- 

 sects, and Ticks. 



Chloral Hydrate, as a fixative for peripheral 

 nerves (Bank, E. W. and Davenport, 

 H. A. Stain Techn., 1940, 15, 9-14). 

 Chloral hydrate is also recommended as 

 a macerating medium for the separation 

 and isolation of epithelial and lining 

 cells by the Bensleys (p. 5). Accord- 

 ing to their instructions remove small 

 pieces alimentary tract of pithed or 

 freshly killed frog and leave them in 

 5% aq. chloral hydrate 12-48 hrs. Then 

 tease with fine needles and examine. 

 See Cajal's chloral hydrate method. 



Chlorazol Black E (CI, 581) of British Dye- 

 stuffs Corporation — Erie black G X 00 

 (National Aniline and Chemical Com- 

 pany), Pontamine black E (I. E.Du Pont 

 deNemours & Co.) — an acid poly-azo 

 dye. First described as a new biological 

 stain by Cannan (H. J., Nature, 1937, 

 139, 549). Review of its uses (Cannan, 

 H. J., J. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1941, 61, 

 88-94). As a vital dye (Baker, J. R., 

 Nature, 1941, 147, 744). Stains chro- 

 matin black, cytoplasm greenish gray 

 after Zenker fixation (Darrow, M. A. 

 Stain Techn., 1940, 15, 67-^8). As an 

 acetocarmine auxiliary stain for chro- 

 mosomes (Nebel, B. R., Stain Techn., 

 1940, 15, 69-72) . As a simple connective 

 tissue stain (Levine, N. D., and Morril, 

 C. C, Stain Techn., 1951 16, 121-122) 

 it is excellent for arterial elastic tissue. 



Chlorazol Blue 3B, see Trypan Blue. 



Chlorazol Fast Pink used as anticoagulant 

 in experiments designed to influence 

 growth of transplants of lymphosar- 

 comas (Williams, W. L., Cancer Re- 

 search, 1946, 6, 344-353). Toxicity as 

 an intra vitam stain is presented by Wil- 

 liams, W. L. and Hodge, H. C, Anat. 

 Rec, 1943, 87, 181. 



Chlorazol Paper Brown B. A sat. aq. sol. 

 of this dye has been employed to stain 

 plant tissues. It is differentiated in 

 1% aq. nitric acid. Acetone is used 

 for dehydration and Euparal for mount- 

 ing (Verdcourt, B., Stain Techn., 1947, 

 22, 155-156). 



