EPINEPHRIN 



119 



ERYTHROCYTES 



are very suitable for chemical analysis. 

 They have been used for epidermal iron 

 and ascorbic acid by Carruthers, C. and 

 Suntzeff, v., J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 1942, 

 3, 217-220, and for total lipid-protein 

 nitrogen ration by Wicks, L. F. and 

 Suntzeff, v., 3, 221-226. _ 



Epinephrin (adrenin, adrenalin), hormone 

 of adrenal medulla. 



Erbium, see Atomic Weights. 



Erhlicki's Solution. Potassium bichromate, 

 2.5 gm.; copper sulphate, 1 gm.; aq. 

 dest., 100 cc. Used for hardening 

 nervous tissues. 



Erie Fast Red F D (CI, 419) of NAC is a 

 direct disazo dye of light fastness 3 to 4. 

 Resembles Congo red insofar that wash- 

 ing in water, or in 95% alcohol, takes 

 all color out of paraffin sections. In 

 alkaline solutions it colors blue-green 

 algae deep red to reddish brown (Emig, 

 p. 40). 



Erie Fast Rubine B cone. A sulfonated azo 

 dye. For formula nad influence on 

 mouse tumors, see Stern, K., Cancer 

 Res., 1950, 10, 565-570. 



Erie Fast Yellow WB, see Titan Yellow. 



Erie Garnet B (CI, 375). — amanil garnet 

 H, Buffalo garnet R, Congo corinth G or 

 GW, corinth brown G, cotton corinth 

 G, diamine Bordeaux CGN, direct 

 garnet R, direct violet C — an acid dis- 

 azo dye used for staining frozen sections 

 (Geschickter, C. F., Stain Techn., 

 1930, 5, 81-86). 



Erie Violet BW (CI, 387) of NAC is an acid 

 disazo dye of light fastness 2 to 3. 

 Directions for use in making prepara- 

 tions of animal and plant tissues are 

 described (Emig, p. 40). 



Erie Violet 3R (CI, 394) of NAC is a direct 

 disazo dye of light fastness 3 not as 

 satisfactory for microscopic work as 

 Erie Violet BW (Emig, p. 40). 



Eriochrome Azurol V (CI, 720), a mordant 

 dye of acid fastness 3 to 4. Gives color 

 like that of Niagara Sky Blue. Direc- 

 tions for use (Emig, p. 52). 



Eriometer, apparatus advocated by Em- 

 mons, W. F., Quart. J. Med., 1927, 

 21, 83 to measure mean diameter of 

 erythrocytes. See Erythrocytometer. 



Erythroblasts, see Erythrocytes, Develop- 

 mental Series. 



Erythrocyte Counts do not fall in the scope 

 of this book. It is sufficient to state 

 that they are going out of fashion be- 

 cause of the large experimental error 

 involved and since it is so easy to detect 

 variations in sliapc, size and maturity 

 of erythrocytes in smears and to measure 

 hemoglobin content of blood by hemo- 

 globinometers. Blum, L. L., Am. J. Clin. 

 Path., 1945, 15, 85 has introduced a rabid 

 photoelectric technique for estimating 



the number of erythrocytes. See Retic- 

 ulocytes, 

 Erythrocytes. For chemical and physical 

 studies erythrocytes are particularly 

 adapted, because they can be collected 

 in enormous numbers free from other 

 kinds of cells and from intercellular 

 substances. In order to determine 

 marked differences in size and shape 

 and hemoglobin content examination of 

 fresh blood with direct illumination, or 

 in the dark field, is probably the best 

 procedure. An interesting photographic 

 method for the stereoscopic visualiza- 

 tion of the shape of erythrocytes has 

 been described and illustrated by 

 Haden, R. L., J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 

 1936-37, 22, 1262-1263. For more accu- 

 rate techniques see Wintrobe, M. M., 

 Clinical Hematology, Philadelphia : Lea 

 & Febiger, 1942, 792 pp. A new aniso- 

 cytosis index is proposed by van den 

 Berghe, L., and Weinberger, E., Am. J. 

 Med. Sci., 1940, 199, 478-481. The 

 refractile body of Isaacs (R., Anat. Rec, 

 1925, 29, 299-313) can also be well 

 studied in fresh blood. See Flagella. 



Smears, colored by Giemsa or Wright's 

 stain, are satisfactory for Howell-Jolly 

 bodies, Cabot rings, basophilic stippling 

 and polychromalophilia. For resistance 

 to hemolysis in hy potoni c sodium chloride 

 solutions, see Daland, G. A., and Worth- 

 ley, K., J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 1934-35, 

 20, 1122-1136. A lysolecithin fragility 

 test is described by Singer, K., Am. 

 J. Med. Sci., 1940, 199, 466-477. For 

 microfragility tests see Kato, K., J. Lab. 

 & Clin. Med., 1940, 26, 703-713 and for 

 basophilic erythrocytes of the newborn 

 see McCord, C. P., and Bradley, W. R., 

 Am. J. Clin. Path., 1939, Tech. Suppl., 

 2, 329-338. A thorough investigation of 

 erythrocytes in fetus and newborn has 

 been made by Wintrobe, M. M. and 

 Schumacker, H. B., Jr., Am. J. Anat., 

 1936, 58, 313-328. A simple method for 

 determination of specific gravity of 

 erythrocytes is described by Reznikoff, 

 P., J. Exper. Med., 1923, 38, 441-444. 

 After hemolysis the stroma remains and 

 can be studied microscopically or chemi- 

 cally. Lipid analyses are particularly 

 significant (Erickson, B. N., et al., J. 

 Biol. Chem., 1937-38, 122, 515-528). 



Isolation and collection en masse of 

 nuclei of chicken erythrocytes by 

 Dounce, A. L., and Lan, T. H., Science, 

 1943, 97, 584-585. 



Experiments have been made with 

 radioactive iron as a means of tagging 

 red blood cells (Cruz, W. O., Hahn, 

 R. F., Bale, W. F. and Balfour, W. M., 

 Am. J. Med. Sci., 1941, 202, 157-162) 

 which open up a new field for study of 

 age changes because the cells are 



