JOINTS 



169 



KERATOHYALIN GRANULES 



2 cc. 10-20 min. is sufficient for counter- 

 staining Weigert-Pal preparations. 

 Then rinse in aq. dest., differentiate in 

 95% alcohol, dehydrate in absolute, clear 

 and mount. 



Joints. Meniscus (Raszela, F., Bull. 

 d'Hist. Appl., 1938, 15, 186-210). 



Jolly Bodies. These structures are nuclear 

 remnants in erythrocytes that are 

 strongly colored by Giemsa's Stain. 



Jores' Solution, see under Color Preserva- 

 tion of gross specimens. 



Kabunylin, a dye extracted from beetroot. 

 Said to be good for use with picrofuchsin 

 (Fuse and Hino, Arb. Anat. Inst, zu 

 Sendai, 1937,20, 111-113). 



Kaiserling's Solution, see under Color 

 Preservation of gross specimens. 



Kaliichrom, a combination of cresyl violet 

 and auramin recommended for both 

 plant and animal tissues (Kisser, J., 

 Mikr. f. Naturfreunde, 1931, 9, 95). 



Kardos-Pappenheim modification of Giem- 

 sa's stain (Kardos, E., Folia haematol., 

 Archiv., 1911, 12, 39). To make the 

 methyl green-orange stain mix 2% aq. 

 orange G. with concentrated aq. methyl 

 green. Filter, dry the ppt. and dis- 

 solve in methyl alcohol. Shake well 

 together 5 drops methyl green-orange, 10 

 drops of Giemsa's stock solution and 15 

 cc. aq. dest. The fluid under the foam 

 is used for staining. First fix and stain 

 the blood smear with May-Griinwald 

 mixture 3 minutes ; add equal volume aq. 

 dest., 1 minute; pour off and add the 

 methyl green-orange 15 minutes; wash 

 quickly in water and blot dry. 



Karo, white corn syrup (Corn Products Co.) 

 is a useful medium for mounting whole 

 insects because they can be transferred 

 to it directly from water or weak alcohol 

 and clearing is unnecessary (Patrick, 

 R., Science, 1936, 33, 85-86). 



Karotin, see Carotin. 



Karyosome (G. Karyon nut, nucleus + 

 soma, body). A basic staining or chro- 

 matin-nucleolus, in contrast to a plasmo- 

 some, generally more numerous, smaller 

 and of less regular shape often called a 

 net-knot. 



Kerasin is a Cerebroside. 



Keratin, a scleroprotein contained in hair, 

 nails, horns, epidermis, etc. There are 

 apparently two sorts. Their chemistry 

 is discussed by Giroud, A., Bulliard, H. 

 and Lebond, C. P., Bull. d'Hist. Appl., 

 1934, 11, 365-373. See Orange II, Oral 

 Mucosa. 



Keratohyalin Granules, separation and 

 analysis — Written by Donald L. 

 Opdyke, Dept. of Anatomy, Washing- 

 ton University Medical School, St. 

 Louis, Mo. November 8, 1951 — Highly 

 refractile cytoplasmic granules of vary- 

 ing size found in the cells of the stratum 



granulosum of stratified squamous 

 epithelia. They were first described by 

 Langerhans in 1882 and were called 

 "keratohyalin" by Waldeyer who as- 

 cribed to them a constant relation to the 

 process of cornification. 



The tinctorial properties of these 

 granules may be summarized as follows: 

 They stain beautifully with picro- 

 carmine, have an intense affinity for all 

 of the hematoxylin stains and stain as 

 well with unoxidized hematoxylin as 

 with the aged stain. They stain meta- 

 chromatically with toluidine blue, and 

 after staining with crystal violet and 

 iodine they resist destaining by acetone. 

 They do not stain by the Feulgen pro- 

 cedure but give beautifully intense 

 reactions to the Bauer, Iodine, and 

 Best's Carmine technics for glycogen. 

 The reactions with the P.A.S. method of 

 McManus give varying results. The 

 granules are not tannophil; do not 

 osmicate or stain with the Sudan dyes. 

 They are argentophil. 



Microincineration studies reveal large 

 concentrations of mineral in the 

 granules as demonstrated by quantities 

 of the white ash typical of calcium 

 and/or magnesium. These ashed sec- 

 tions, as well as unashed sections show 

 intense reactions of the granules to the 

 gallamine blue staining method of 

 Stock, A., J. Roy. Micr. Soc, Series 

 III, 1949, 69, 20-24. 



Enzyme studies have resulted in dis- 

 agreement in the literature with respect 

 to ribonuclease digestibility, but the 

 granules are definitely not totally digest- 

 ible in ribonuclease, hyaluronidase, 

 crystalline trypsin or salivary enzymes. 

 They are readily dissolved by elastase. 



The most striking features of these 

 granules, both tinctorially and histo- 

 chemically, are their similarities to 

 elastic fibers: These common features 

 include their tinctorial reactions to 

 Verhoeff's procedure, congo red, and 

 orcein; their affinity for mineralization 

 with calcium salts; their solubility in 

 the elastolytic enzyme of Bal6 and 

 Banga (See Elastic Fibers). 



References for the above data are: 

 Lansing, A. I., and Opdvke, D. L., 

 Anat. Rec, 1950, 107, 379 398; Smith, 

 C, and Parkhurst, H. T., Anat. Rec, 

 1949, 103, 649-674; and unpublished 

 work of D. L. Opdyke. 



The origin of these granules is much 

 debated. Stam, Von F. C, Acta 

 Dermato-Venereol., 1951, 31, 407-411 

 believes them to be extruded nucleoli. 

 Favre of the Bacteriological Institute of 

 Lyon is of the opinion that they are 

 formed by the spiral shaped mito- 

 chondria of the basal layer of the epi- 



