LIPOCHROME 



184 



LOEFFLER'S METHYLENE BLUE 



but absent in guinea pigs and man. 

 For literature see Arey, L. B. in 

 Cowdry's Special Cytology, 1932, 3, 

 1219. 



Lipochrome. Defined by Lison (p. 244) 

 as a solution of a carotinoid in a fatty 

 body, the latter by itself uncolored, 

 often found in nerve, hepatic, cardiac 

 muscle cells and elsewhere. See 

 Carotinoids. 



Lipofuscins are fats colored by the carotene 

 dissolved in them found in nerve, hepa- 

 tic and cardiac muscle cells (Mallory, 

 p. 125). 



Lipoids (G. lipos, fat + eidos, appearance). 

 This term is taken to mean almost 

 anything even remotely looking like 

 fat. Generally included under it are 

 lecithin, cephalin, sphingomyelin, kera- 

 sin, phrenosin, etc. which cannot be 

 identified microchemically in sections. 

 They are referred to as Lipines by Lison . 

 See his tabular analysis under Lipids. 

 See methods of Ciaccio and Smith- 

 Dietrich. 



Lipolytic Enzymes, see Lipase. 



Lipomicrons, small droplets of lipid in 

 circulating blood. See Chylomicrons. 



Lipophanerosis is fatty degeneration, see 

 Lipids. 



Lipoprotein. Method for separation and 

 isolation from liver cells by differential 

 centrifugation, see Lazarow, A., Anat. 

 Rec, 1942, 84, 31-50; Biological Sym- 

 posia, 1943, 10, 9-26. 



Lison's glycogen method (Lison, p. 227). 

 Fix in dioxan saturated with picric 

 acid, 8.5 parts; formalin, 1 part; and 

 acetic acia, 0.5 cc. Pass direct through 

 dioxan, dioxan-paraffin, paraffin, im- 

 bed, section and stain in the usual way. 



Lithium Carmine 1. To make Orth's 

 lithium carmine dissolve 2.5-5 gms. 

 carmine in 100 cc. sat. aq. lithium 

 carbonate. Boil for 10-15 min. and, 

 when cool, add a crystal of thymol as 

 an antiseptic. Stain sections about 3 

 min. Differentiate in Acid Alcohol. 

 Wash in water, dehydrate in alcohol, 

 clear in xylol, or toluol, and mount in 

 balsam. Gives sharp bright red stain 

 of nuclei often useful in place of the 

 blue of hematoxylin, of methylene blue, 

 etc. It may be used after almost any 

 good fixative. 



2. Lithium carmine has also been 

 employed in many classical experiments 

 as a vital stain (Aschoff, L. and Kiyono, 

 K., Folia Haemat., 1913, 6, 213; Suzuki, 

 T., Nierensekretion, Jena, 1912 ; Kiyono, 

 K., Die Vitale Karminspeicherung, 

 Jena, 1914, etc.). Filter a sterilized 

 concentrated suspension of carmine 

 rubrum optimum (5 gm.) in cold sat. 

 aq. lithium carbonate and slowly in- 

 ject 5-10 cc. intravenously in rabbits 



(Foot, McClung, p. 115) . The Bensleys 

 (p. 151) give the following directions. 

 Cook on water bath 100 cc. sat. aq. 

 lithium carbonate -f- 5 gm. carmine 

 rubrum (Grubler) for ^1 hr. Filter 

 hot. Allow to settle and cool. Filter 

 cold. Sterilize in autoclave and filter 

 again through sterile filter. Inject 

 intravenously once or more. Kill the 

 animal and fix tissues in alcohol, forma- 

 lin or formalin-Zenker. 



Lithium Silver of Hortega as described by 

 Laidlaw (G. F., Am. J. Path., 1929, 5, 

 239-247) : In 250 cc. glass stoppered 

 bottle dissolve 12 gms. silver nitrate, 

 C.P. in 20 cc. aq. dest. Add 230 cc. 

 sat. lithium carbonate, C.P. in aq. dest. 

 Shake well. Let settle to about 70 cc. 

 ppt. Decant. Washppt. with aq. dest. 

 3 or 4 times. Decant all except 70 cc. 

 ppt. Add ammonia water (26-28%) 

 shaking until fluid is nearly clear. Add 

 aq. dest. to total vol. of 120 cc. Filter 

 through Whatman filter paper No. 42 

 or 44 or Schleicher and Schiill No. 

 589 into stock bottle. See Laidlaw's 

 Methods. 



Litmus as a vital indicator of acidity and 

 allcalinity in rats and mice (Rous, P., 

 J. Exper. Med. 1925, 41. 379-397). See 

 Hydrogen Ion Indicators. 



Liver. In this very large organ, as in the 

 lungs, it is necessary to carefully select 

 the specimens excised for study. It is 

 bad practice to take only slices vertical 

 to the surface including the capsule. 

 The deeper parts should be included. 

 How the weight and structure of the 

 human liver varies with phases of as- 

 similation and secretion as in rabbits 

 (Forsgren, E., Act. med. Scandin., 

 1931, 76, 285^-315) and in rats (Higgins, 

 G. M., Berkson, J. and Flock, E., 

 Am. J. Physiol., 1933, 105, 177-186) 

 remains to be determined. Effect of 

 different dehydration and clearing 

 agents on liver (Ralph, P., Stain Techn., 

 1938, 13, 9-15). A well illustrated ac- 

 count of the influence of fixatives on 

 liver cells is given by Schiller, W., Zeit. 

 f. Zellf. u. Mikr. Anat., 1930, 11, 63-178. 



Locke Solution. As given by Craig, p. 69 

 as a component of culture medium for 

 amebae it is: NaCl, 9.0 gm.; CaCU, 0.2 

 gm.; KCl, 0.4 gm.; NaHCOs, 0.2 gm.; 

 glucose, 2.5 gm.; aq. dest. 1000.0 cc. 

 sterilized in Arnold sterilizer or in auto- 

 clave. 



Locke-Lewis solution. NaCl, 0.85 gm.; 

 KCl, 0.042 gm.; CaClj, 0.025 gm.; 

 NaHCOa, 0.02 gm., dextrose, 0.01-0.25 

 gm. ; aq. dest., 100 cc. Should be freshly 

 made. Owing to presence of NaHCOa 

 must not be sterilized by heat. 



Loeffler's Alkaline Methylene Blue. As 

 emended Soc. Am. Bact. A. Methylene 



