MAGENTA 



189 



MALARIAL PIGMENT 



ferent group. He calls attention to its 

 use by Kultschitzky, N., Arch. f. 

 Mikr. Anat., 1895, 46, 673-695) in stain- 

 ing elastic tissue of tlie spleen. Used 

 as a fluorochrome for Lipids. 



Magenta, see Basic Fuchsin. 



Magenta II is triamino ditolyl-phenyl- 

 methane chloride probably present in 

 most samples of Basic Fuchsin. See 

 Pararosanilin (Magenta O), Rosanilin 

 (Magenta I) and New Fuchsin (Magenta 

 III). 



Magnafiux is a useful instrument employed 

 in the FBI Laboratory to detect the 

 occurrence of small cracks and defects 

 in the surface of metallic objects. 

 When, for example, a magnetizable 

 object is placed in a magnetic field, 

 created by the magnafiux, the field is 

 distributed throughout the metal if it 

 is sound. Otherwise, magnetizable pig- 

 ments become oriented around the 

 breaks in the surface indicating their 

 location (Hoover, J. E., Scientific 

 Monthly, 1945, 60, 18-24). Obviously 

 metallic laboratory equipment can be 

 tested in this way. 



Magnesium, Titan yellow method for de- 

 termination of small amounts in body 

 fluids (Haury, V. G., J. Lab. & Clin. 

 Med., 1938, 23, 1079-1084). 



Methods for detection in plant cells 

 (Broda, B., Mikrokosmos, 1939, 32, 

 184). (1) Triturate 1 part quinalizarin 

 with 5 parts sodium acetate crystals. 

 Make to fresh 0.5% solution in 5% aq. 

 NaOH. Addition of 1-2 drops to paraf- 

 fin section, then 1-2 drops 10% NaOH 

 results after some hours in blue stain. 

 (2) Add to paraffin section 1-2 drops 

 0.2% aq. Titan yellow, then 1-2 drops 

 10% NaOH gives rise to brick red stain 

 of magnesium. (3) Add to paraffin sec- 

 tion 0.1% aq. azo blue. Gives, without 

 the NaOH, a violet stain of magnesium. 

 An attempt should be made to adjust 

 these techniques to human tissues in 

 which a magnesium salt has been 

 injected. 



By means of a specially constructed 

 electron microscope Scott and Packer 

 (G. H. and D. M., Anat. Rec, 1939 

 74, 17-45) have accurately localizea 

 magnesium and/or calcium in muscle. 

 The method can be extended to other 

 tissues and perhaps to other minerals. 

 Histospectrography gives data on the 

 amount of magnesium relative to the 

 other minerals in the skin of normal and 

 neurodermatitis patients. In the latter 

 there is a magnesium deficiency (Mac- 

 Cardle, R. C., Engman, M. F., Jr. and 

 Sr., Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 1941, 

 44, 429^40). 



If it is desired to supplement micro- 

 scopic and spectrographic detection of 



magnesium by quantitative analysis of 

 very small amounts of tissue a tech- 

 nique of microdermination with the 

 polarograph devised by Carruthers, C., 

 Indust. and Engin. Chem., 1943, 15, 

 412-414 will be useful. It has been 

 employed for analysis of pure epidermis 

 by Carruthers, C, and Suntzeff, V., 

 Cancer Research, 1943, 3, 744-748. See 

 Calcium 5. 



The Spectrophotometric determina- 

 tion of magnesium in human serum has 

 been advanced by Craig, P., Zak, B., 

 Iseri, L. T., Boyle, A. J. and Myers, G. 

 B. (Am. J. Clin. Path., 1951, 21, 394-398) 

 through the making of several innova- 

 tions: (1) destruction of protein by 

 nitric acid digestion, (2) use for stabi- 

 lizer of a sodium lauryl sulfate-poly- 

 vinyl alcohol reagent, (3) choice of a 550 

 m/x wave length for quantitation and 

 (4) the preparation of calibration curves 

 from standards containing urea and 

 electrolytes normally occurring in 

 plasma. It would seem feasible by 

 different calibration and other adjust- 

 ments to utilize this technique for the 

 estimation of magnesium in fluids other 

 than serum and perhaps in tissue 

 homogenates. 



Magnetic Particle Technique to investigate 

 the phj'sical properties of the cytoplasm 

 of living cells as determined by move- 

 ments of phagocytized particles of 

 various sorts in a magnetic field (Crick, 

 F. H. C. and Hughes, A. F. W., Exp. 

 Cell Res., 1950, 1, 37-80). This appears 

 to be a very promising method. 



Malachite, a mineral mined by the Egyp- 

 tians, and applied as a powder gave a 

 green pigmentation about the eyes. 

 It is said to be the oldest coloring mat- 

 ter known to them (Leggett, W. F., 

 Ancient and Medieval Dyes. Brook- 

 lyn: Chemical Publishing Co. Inc., 

 1944, 99 pp.). 



Malachite Green (CI, 657) — diamond green 

 B, BX or P extra, light green N, new 

 Victoria green extra, O, I or II, solid 

 green O, Victoria green B or WB — 

 Commission Certified. A feebly basic 

 di-amino tri-phenyl methane dye quite 

 extensively employed as a counterstain 

 for safranin or carmine. 



Malachite Green G, see Brilliant Green. 



Malarial Pigment. Produced in erythro- 

 cytes by action of the parasites, black 

 and distinguishable from carbon by its 

 solubility in concentrated sulphuric 

 acid. Among distinguishing character- 

 istics given by Lison (p. 254) are 

 solubility in dilute alkalis, argentaffine 

 reaction negative, specific stains for 

 lipids negative, likewise reactions for 

 iron. But Morrison and Anderson (D. 

 B. and W. A. D., Public Health Rep., 



