MAMMARY GLANDS 



191 



MANGANESE DIOXIDE 



the possibility of combining the two 

 original solutions at a modified ratio. 

 The results proved quite successful, and 

 three definite advantages of this pro- 

 cedure were apparent: 1) Only one step 

 is involved. 2) sufficient and desirable 

 coloration is accomplished in five min. 

 3) The intensity of the color is con- 

 sistent. 



The coloration appears the same as 

 that listed by Mallory: Collagenous 

 fibrils stain intense blue; ground sub- 

 stances of cartilage and bone, mucus, 

 amyloid and certain other hyaline sub- 

 stances stain varying shades of blue; 

 nuclei, fibroglia, myoglia and neuroglia 

 fibrils, axis cylinders and fibrin stain 

 red; nucleoli, red blood corpuscles and 

 myelin stain yellow; elastic fibrils stain 

 pale pink or yellow. This technique is 

 suggested for routine pathologic stain- 

 ing because it is simple to follow, rapid 

 and consistent. 



To make stain add to 200 cc. aq. dest. 



Phosphotungstic acid crystals (Merck). . . 1 gm. 



Orange G (C. I. No. 27) 2 gm. 



Aniline blue, W. S. (C. I. No. 707) 1 gm. 



Acid fuchsin (C. I. No. 692 3 gm. 



Formalin-Zenker is the preferred fixa- 

 tive, but Bouin's, formalin, and alcohol 

 have been used with success. Embed 

 tissue in paraffin, and cut sections at 6^. 



1. Deparaffinize in xylene, pass 

 through graded alcohols to tap water. 

 (If formalin-Zenker is the fixative, treat 

 with iodine and sodium thiosulfate.) 



2. Stain sections 5 min. in staining 

 solution. 



3. Wash in running tap water 3 to 

 5 sec. 



4. Dehydrate rapidly through 95% 

 and 100% ale, clear in xylene, and 

 mount in balsam. 



Mammary Glands. These can be studied 

 in sections by methods intended to 

 reveal the particular data sought. For 

 general purposes Hematoxylin and 

 Eosin, Mallory's Connective Tissue 

 Stain, or Phloxine-Methylene Blue is 

 recommended after Zenker fixation. 

 For fat use Sudan Black and Oil Red O 

 on frozen sections after fixation in 10% 

 formalin or examine in paraffin sections 

 after fixation in Flemming's fluid or 

 some other osmic acid containing mix- 

 ture. 



In the case of the small glands of mice, 

 rats, rabbits and other mammals the 

 method of making whole mounts is 

 invaluable in investigations of the 

 responses of mammary glands to endo- 

 crine stimulation. The following is 

 essentially the same technique as that 

 originally described by Turner, C. W. 

 ana Gardner, W. U., Agri. Exp. Res. 



Stat. Bull., Univ. of Mo., 1931, 158, 

 1-57 : Remove skin and mammary gland. 

 Stretch out and fasten on a cork block 

 with the external surface of the skin 

 down. Fix in Bouin's fluid 24 hrs. 

 Wash in tap water. Dissect away all 

 tissue over the gland which has been 

 tinged light yellow by the picric acid 

 in the fixative. Remove the gland from 

 the skin. Stain in Mayer's Hemalum. 

 Wash in l%aq. potassium alum and then 

 in water. Differentiate in 70% ale. + 

 2% of hydrochloric acid until the color 

 has been removed from the connective 

 tissue and the acini and ducts of the 

 glands show up in sharp contrast in a 

 light background. Wash in tap water. 

 Dehydrate in alcohol, clear in xylol, 

 mount in balsam between glass plates 

 and close the edges with sealing wax. 

 Much can be made out when magnified 

 only 2-5 times. Small pieces can be 

 mounted on slides, with edges of cover 

 glasses supported as may be necessary, 

 for examination at higher magnifications. 

 There are many excellent pictures in 

 the paper cited. 



For examination of fetal mice, see 

 Turner, C. W. and Gomez, E. T., ibid, 

 1933, 182, 1-43. Valuable data are 

 given in Turner's chapter on mammary 

 glands in Allen's Sex and Internal 

 Secretions, Baltimore: Williams &Wil- 

 kins, 1939, 1346 pp. For techniques to 

 reveal secretory phenomena in mam- 

 mary glands, see Weatherford, H. L., 

 Am. J. Anat., 1929, 44, 199-281 ; Jeffers, 

 K. R., Am. J. Anat., 1935, 56, 257-277, 

 279-303. Technique for localizing site 

 of fat formation in mammary glands is 

 given by Kelly and Petersen, J. Dairy 

 Sci., 1939, 22, 7. The differential stain- 

 ing of sections of unpreserved bovine 

 udder tissue is to be found in U. S. 

 Dept. of Agri. Circular No. 514, under 

 authorship of W. T. Miller and H. W. 

 Johnson. A method for obtaining 

 serial slices of whole human breasts is 

 described by Ingleby, H. and Holly, C, 

 J. Tech. Meth., 1939, 19, 93-96. 



Manchester Blue (British Drug Houses 

 Ltd), a dis-azo dye of the benzidine 

 series. In either alcoholic or aqueous 

 solution it gives a sharp deep blue 

 effect (H. G. Cannan, J. Roy. Micr. 

 Soc, 1941,61,88-94). 



Manchester Brown, see Bismark Brown Y. 



Manchester Yellow, see Martins Yellow. 



Mandarin G, see Orange II. 



Manganese. Histochemical detection un- 

 certain (Lison, p. 98). 



Manganese Dioxide. Drinker, C. K. and 

 Shaw, L. H., J. Exper. Med., 1921, 

 33, 77-98 employed a suspension of fine 

 particles in acacia water to investigate 

 phagocytic power of endothelium be- 



