iMOIST CHAMBERS 



213 



MOROSOW'S METHOD 



figures to resting nuclei is temporarily 

 greatly increased. Sodium cacodylate, 

 auramine and other substances listed by 

 Ludford likewise influence mitosis. 

 For checks on the method of estimating 

 growth by counting arrested mitoses, 

 see Paletta and Cowdry (F. X. and 

 E. v., Am. J. Path., 1942, 18, 291-311). 

 Aisenberg (E. J., Bull. d'Hist. Appl., 

 1935, 12, 100-122) has found that mitosis 

 of epidermal cells is arrested in the 

 metaphase simply by passing a ligature 

 around a frog's leg and keeping the foot 

 in distilled water. The mitoses ac- 

 cumulate in large numbers but continue 

 when released from the hypotonic 

 environment. Aisenberg {ibid. 1936, 

 13, 265-286) also discovered low concen- 

 tration of ethyl alcohol to stimulate 

 mitosis, 0.4-0.8 M to arrest in meta- 

 phase, 1.2-1.5 M. to cause gelatinization 

 of mitosis and higher concentrations to 

 kill the cells. Comprehensive data on 

 the influence of Colchicine are supplied 

 by Levine, M., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

 1951, 51, 1365-1408. 

 Moist Chambers, Small for stage of micro- 

 scope (Chambers, R. and Kopac, M. J. 

 in McClung's Microscopic Technique, 

 1950). Large in which hands can be 

 used (Holter, H., C. rend. trav. lab. 

 Carlsberg, S6r. Chim., 1945, 25, 15fr- 

 167). See diagrams for air-condition- 

 ing (Click, p. 182). 

 Molecular Film Technique, see Taylor, H. 

 S., Lawrence, E. O., and Langmuir, I., 

 Molecular Films, the Cyclotron and the 

 New Biology, Rutger's University Press, 

 1942, 95 pp. 

 Molecular Solution is the molecular weight 

 of the substance in grams made up to 1 

 liter with aq. dest. Thus M oxalic acid 

 (COOH)2-2H20 is 126 gms. with aq. 

 dest. added to 1 liter; but A-^ oxalic acid 

 is half of this concentration. See 

 Normal Solutions. 



The molecular weight expressed in 

 grams is called the gram-molecular 

 weight or mole. 



Millimole is 1/1000 of a mole. 



Milligram equivalent (milliequiva- 

 lent). The equivalent weight, the 

 gram-equivalent, or the equivalent of a 

 substance is the weight in grams which 

 in its reaction corresponds to a gram 

 atom of hydrogen, or of hydroxyl, or half 

 a gram atom of oxygen, or gram 

 atom of a univalent ion. Milliequiva- 

 lent is 1/1000 of the equivalent weight, 

 i.e., the equivalent weight of sodium 

 carbonate is j the molecular weight, or 

 53.0. Therefore, the milliequivalent 

 (m.e.) or the weight in 1 ml. of normal 

 solution is 0.0530 gm. 



Molybdenum, see Atomic Weights. 



Mono-Azo Dyes. Amarnth, azo fuchsin, 

 benzene-azo-a-naphthylamine, bordeaux 

 red, brilliant yellow S, chromotrope 2R, 

 chrysoidin Y, fast yellow, janus green 

 B, metanil yellow, methyl orange, 

 methyl red, narcein, nitrazine, oil red 

 O, orange G, orange I, orange II, orange 

 IV, ponceau 2R, sudan R, thiazine 

 red R. 



Monocytes. When "typical" these are 

 easily recognized in stained blood smears 

 and in supravital preparations but there 

 is no technique by which they may 

 always be distinguished from all Lym- 

 phocytes and Macrophages. That is, 

 they possess no single feature, like the 

 eosinophile granules of eosinophile leuco- 

 cytes, for their certain identification 

 (see Cowdry, p. 66-71). They ingest 

 particulate matter including Trypan 

 Blue and similar vital stains and are 

 therefore to be considered as com- 

 ponents of the Reticulo-Endothelial 

 System. Many of their properties can 

 to great advantage be investigated in 

 Tissue Cultures. The best way to 

 demonstrate the remarkably close rela- 

 tion that paay exist between monocytes 

 and contained bacilli is to stain leprous 

 tissue_ for acid fast bacilli (see Leprosy 

 Bacilli). See Bacterium Monocyto- 

 genes. 



Monolayer technique is a physico-chemical 

 line of investigation that gives valuable 

 data on the structure of protein and 

 lipoprotein films and consequently on 

 the plasma membrane of cells. See 

 Schulmann (Bourne, pp. 51-67). 



Moore, see Fungi. 



Mordant (L. mordere, to bite), a substance, 

 like alum, employed to make a dye bite 

 into the tissue and hold on. The dye 

 combines with the mordant which is 

 itself in high concentration in the 

 structures to be stained. In the Iron 

 Hematoxylin technique the sections 

 are mordanted with iron alum. They 

 are briefly washed in aa. dest. to remove 

 some of the excess mordant. Then they 

 are stained with a dilute aqueous solu- 

 tion of hematoxylin and differentiated 

 in the mordant which draws out most of 

 the hematoxylin until it remains only 

 in the structures which took up the 

 mordant most energetically in the first 

 place and which therefore alone remain 

 colored. Copper salts are also good 

 mordants. See Weigert's mordants. 



Morosow's Method for elementary bodies as 

 modified by Fonta and Triboudeau and 

 given by Seiffert, G., Virus Diseases of 

 Man, Animal and Plant. New York: 

 Philosophical Library, Inc., 1944, 332 

 pp. Dry thin smear in air. Place 

 vertically in aq. dest,, 10-15 min. and 



