R ANSON PYRIDINE 



303 



REED-STERNBERG CELLS 



of bone salts. These reactions dimin- 

 ished rapidly in intensity within a short 

 interval of time (one day). The local- 

 ized reactions, on the other hand, did 

 not decrease significantly with time 

 and were due to a deposition of labeled 

 phosphate salts in the formation of 

 new bone. The displacement of the 

 new bone with time revealed the mecha- 

 nism of bone formation. 



Similarly, using I"', Leblond, C. P. 

 and Gross, J. (Endocrinol., 1948, 43, 

 306-320) followed the synthesis and 

 degradation of the protein, thyroglobu- 

 lin, in the thyroid gland of the rat. 

 They found that labeled iodide verj' 

 shortly after injection into normal ani- 

 mals was incorporated into thyroglobu- 

 lin at the apical portion of the thyroid 

 follicle cells. Later, the labeled thyro- 

 globulin was deposited into the colloid 

 where it was eventually broken down 

 into amino acids, one of which was the 

 hormone, thyroxine (which then diffuses 

 out of the follicle). This study re- 

 vealed that regardless of the physio- 

 logical state of the animals, all the cells 

 of the thyroid gland are always func- 

 tioning in one direction. The rate at 

 which the cells of any one follicle is 

 functioning, however, changes with 

 the physiological state of the animal. 



The pathological physiology of the 

 thyroid gland, especially in reference 

 to the detection of thyroglobulin in 

 neoplasms, has also been studied radio- 

 autographically by Marinelli, L. D., 

 Foote, F. W., Hill, R. F. and Hocker, 

 A. F., (Am. J. Roentgen, and Radium 

 Therap., 1947, 58, 17-32), Franz, V. K., 

 Quimby, E. H. and Evans, T. C. (Radi- 

 ology, 1948, 51, 532-552), Dobyns, B. 

 M. and Lennon, B., (J. Clin. Endo- 

 crinol., 1948, 8, 732-748), and more e.x- 

 tensively by Fitzgerald, P. J. and Foote, 

 F. W., (J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1949, 9, 

 1153-1170). 



Still another application of the tech- 

 nique was used by Leblond, C. P., 

 Stevens, C. E. and Bogoroch, R. (Sci- 

 ence, 1948, 108, 531) in which they fol- 

 lowed the turnover of desoxyribonucleic 

 acid labeled with P^'' in newly formed 

 cells. This method not only gives an 

 indication of the rate of formation of 

 cells in different tissues in the rat body 

 but also is a means to demonstrate the 

 displacement and fate of these newly 

 formed cells. 



The examples cited are but a few of 

 the important contributions to biology 

 and medicine that have been made 

 possible through the use of the radio- 

 autographic techniques as they exist 

 todaJ^ Many more contributions can 

 and most likely will be made with these 



techniques — at present the only means 

 available to obtain minute localiza- 

 tion of radioactive substances. 



Ranson Pyridine method for unmyelinated 

 nerve fibers (Ranson, S. W., Rev. 

 Neurol. & Psychiat., 1914, 12, 467-474). 

 Fix in absolute alcohol -f 1% ammonia, 

 48 hrs. Rinse in aq. dest. and treat 

 with pyridine, 24 hrs. Wash repeatedly 

 in aq. dest., 24 hrs. 2% aq. silver nitrate 

 at 35°C. in dark, 3 days. Rinse in aq. 

 dest. Reduce in: pyrogallol, 4 gm.; 

 5% formalin in aq. dest., 100 cc. Wash 

 and imbed in paraffin. This much used 

 technique gives a fine blackening of 

 unmyelinated fibers. See also Ranson, 

 S. W. and Billingsley, P. R., J. Comp. 

 Neurol., 1918, 29, 313-358; Johnson, S. 

 E ibid, 1928, 38, 299-314). The latter 

 believes the essential features of the 

 technique to be vascular perfusion with 

 physiological saline solution followed 

 by 1% ammonia in absolute alcohol. 



Ranvier's Gold Chloride method for nerve 

 endings in muscle, see Craven's and 

 Carey's methods. See also Ammonia 

 Carmine and Picrocarmine of Ranvier. 



Reconstruction. Stereoscopic x-ray method 

 (Morton, W. R. M., J. Anat., 1940-41, 

 75, 265-266); wax plate method as ap- 

 plied to the stapes (Anson, B. J., Kara- 

 bin, J. E. and Martin, J., Arch. Oto- 

 laryng., 1939, 29, 939-973). 



Rectal Washings, see Papanicolaou Tech- 

 nique. 



Red B, see Oil Red O. 



Red Blood Cell, see Erythrocyte. 



Red Corallin, (CI, 726). Look up in Colour 

 Index. 



Red Violet, see Hofmann's Violet. 



Redox dyes are those emploj'^ed in reduc- 

 tion-oxidation potential determina- 

 tions, see Oxidation-Reduction Po- 

 tential. 



Reducing Sugars, Titrimetric methods for: 

 Linderstr0m-Lang, K. and Holter, H., 

 C. rend. trav. lab. Carlsberg, S6r. 

 Chim., 1933, 19, 1-12; and Heck, K., 

 Brown, W. H. and Kirk, P. L., Mikro- 

 chemie, 1937, 22, 306-314. 



Reed-Sternberg Cells. Recognition of 

 these cells is helpful in reaching a diag- 

 nosis of Hodgkin's disease. Special 

 technique other than Hematoxylin and 

 Eosin is ordinarily not necessary. 

 Comparison by Jackson, H., Jr. and 

 Parker, F., Jr., New England J. Med., 

 1944, 231, 35-44 of Reed-Sternberg Cells 

 with certain other multinucleated cells 

 will be helpful. The use of tissue cul- 

 ture technique in their investigation 

 opens many promising leads (Grand, 

 C. G., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 

 1944, 56. 229-230). Thus, it should be 

 possible to determine their life history 

 and check on the suggestion that the 



