SODIUM ALIZARIN SULPHONATE 



320 



SPALTEHOLZ METHOD 



Engin. Chem., 1943, 15, 70-71. It has 

 been used for analysis of small amounts 

 of epidermis by Suntzeff, V. and Car- 

 ruthers, C, Cancer Research, 1943, 3, 

 431-433. If it is only necessary to 

 prove presence or absence of traces of 

 sodium try Histospectrography. 



Sodium Alizarin Sulphonate. See Hydrogen 

 Ion Indicators. 



Sodium Fluoride effect on teeth (Cowdry's 

 Histology, p. 267). 



Sodium Paradipicrylamine, see Siena Or- 

 ange. 



Soil. Bacteria. 1. Conn's Rose Bengal 

 method (McClung, p. 146). To 1 gm. 

 soil add gelatin fixative (0.015% gelatin 

 in boiling water used after it has cooled) 

 to make 10 cc. Place about 0.01 cc. on 

 slide to cover 1 sq. cm. Dry on boiling 

 water bath. Stain with Rose bengal as 

 for Slime Bacteria. Unless counts are 

 to be made the amount smeared on the 

 slide is not important. 



2. Fast acid blue (C.I. 760) is 

 strongly recommended (Romell, L. G., 

 Stain techn., 1934, 9, 141-145) but it is 

 doubtful whether any manufacturer 

 other than I. G. Garbenindustrie makes 

 the dye. According to the General 

 Dyestuffs Corporation it is contained in 

 violamin 3B. Dry suspension of soil 

 on slide which has been fixed in alcohol 

 with 0.05% dye in 4% aq. phenol. 

 Washing is unnecessary. Examine 

 smears in water. Details are given by 

 Romell. 



Solantine Red 8 BLN. A sulfonated 'azo 

 dye. For formula and influence on 

 mouse tumors, see Stern, K., Cancer 

 Res., 1950, 10, 565-570. 



Solanylin, a dye extracted from the egg- 

 plant (Solarium melongena, var. escu- 

 lenta) proposed as a substitute for 

 hematoxylin. It will stain nuclei and 

 mucus (Fuse and Suzuki, Arb. Anat. 

 Inst, zu Sendai, 1935, 17, 175-181). 



Solid Green JJO, see Brilliant Green. 



Solid Green O, see Malachite Green. 



Soluble Blue 3M or 2R, see Anilin Blue. 



Soluble Indulin 3B, see Indulin, water 

 soluble. 



Soluble Yellow OL, see Metanil Yellow. 



Solutions. In technique several kinds are 

 employed. 



1. Physiological solutions are in- 

 tended to approximate as closely as 

 possible to the tissue fluid environments 

 of cells so that cells examined in them 

 will not be greatly altered thereby. 

 See Physiological Solutions. 



2. Normal solutions are, on the other 

 hand, chemical standards made by dis- 

 solving definite amounts of substance 

 (easily calculated) in sufficient aq. dest. 

 to make 1 liter. See Normal Solutions. 



3. Molar, molecular and grammolecu- 



lar solutions contain the molecular 

 weight of the substance in grams per 

 liter. They are of the same concentra- 

 tion as normal solutions of substances 

 possessed of one hydrogen or other 

 equivalent and difTer from those of sub- 

 stances containing more than 1 such 

 equivalent. See Molecular Solutions. 

 4. Molal solutions contain the molec- 

 ular weight of the substance in grams 

 + 1000 grams aq. dest. The designa- 

 tion molal is rarely used, molecular is 

 common and normal most frequent. 



Sonic Vibrations. Employed as a means for 

 fractionating spermatozoa so that their 

 several parts can later be collected by 

 centrifugation (Zittle, C. A. and O'Dell, 

 R. A., J. Biol. Chem., 1941, 140, 899- 

 907). See Ultrasonic Vibrator. 



Sorensen's BuflFers. Sorenson's phosphate 

 bufi'ers are prepared from Merck's 

 special reagents. Dry salts at 105°C. 

 overnight and store in a dessicator over 

 CaCh. M/15 solutions are used. To 

 make them dissolve the following 

 amounts in aq. dist. and make each so- 

 lution up to one liter: 



NaiHPOi anhydrous 9.47 gm. 



KH2P04 9.08 gm. 



To obtain a solution of the pH re- 

 quired, mix them in following amounts: 



For range pH 8.2-9.2 see Palitzsh Buf- 

 fers. See affect of Phosphate Solutions 



on living cells. 

 Spalteholz Method for clearing small em- 

 bryos as suggested by the Bensleys. 

 After appropriate fixation 80 and 95% 

 alcohol 1 day each. Two changes ab- 

 solute alcohol, 2 days. Equal parts 

 benzol and absolute alcohol, 1 day. 

 Two changes pure benzol, 1 day. Then 

 Wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) and 

 benzyl benzoate by weight 5:1, 3:1 and 

 2:1 for very young, young and older 

 embryos respectively (under negative 



Kressure in vacuum pump) until cleared, 

 lount or store in this clearing fluid. In 

 practice it is possible to get good results 



