SURVIVAL OF TISSUES 



332 



TEETH 



layer which brings in the methods and 

 observations of Lewis, W. H., Arch. f. 

 exp. Zellf., 1939, 28, 1-7; Am. J. Cancer, 

 1939, 35, 408-415 who refers to previous 

 work along this line. 



Survival of Tissues after death of the body 

 (Alvarez, W. C, Quart. Rev. Biol., 

 1937, 12, 152-164). Often determined 

 by measuring how long the tissue con- 

 tinues to respire. Data for whole skin, 

 kidney and liver (Walter, E. M., Shar- 

 lit, H. and Amersbach, J. C, J. Invest. 

 Dermat., 1945, 6, 235-238). Schrek, R., 

 Radiology, 1946, 46, 395-410 has made 

 much use of a method for measuring the 

 survival of cells in terms of the per- 

 centage which do not stain with eosin 

 (and are presumably' alive) in emulsions 

 of cells in a special fluid held at definite 

 pH and temperature for various lengths 

 of time. See Dead cells. Revival after 

 freezing. 



Susa fixative of Heidenhain. Corrosive 

 sublimate, 4.5 gm.; common salt, 0.5 

 gm.; aq. dest., 80 cc; formalin, 20 cc; 

 and trichloracetic acid, 4 cc. Fix about 

 12 hrs., wash in 95% alcohol. Has the 

 advantage over most sublimate mix- 

 tures that treatment with iodine is not 

 usually required to remove black mer- 

 cury deposit in the tissues. It has 

 been modified by several people. See 

 Buzaglo. 



Swiss Blue, see Methylene Blue. 



Synapses, see methods employed by Bartel- 

 mez, G. W. and Hoerr, N. L., J. Comp. 

 Neurol., 1933, 57, 401-428. 



Synovial Fluid of normal knee joint. Method 

 of examination and results (Coggeshall, 

 H. C, Warren, C. F. and Bauer, W., 

 Anat. Rec, 1940, 77, 129-144). 



Syphilis, see Treponema pallidum. 



Syrup, see Apathy. 



Taenia Echinococcus, a parasite of dogs 

 which produces hydatic cysts in human 

 liver and other tissues. The laminated 

 cyst wall is typical and the heads have 

 double circle of hooks and 4 suckers. 



Taenia Saginata. In examination of fresh 

 Feces identify by head with 4 suckers 

 but without hooks. 



Taenia Solium. Look in Feces for head 

 with 4 suckers and a circle of small 

 hooks best seen in fresh mounts. The 

 genital system opens at the side and 

 the uterus is only slightly branched. 



Tagged Atoms, see Radioactive Isotopes, 

 Deuterium. 



Tannic acid iron technique is described by 

 Salazar, A. L., Stain Techn., 1944, 19, 

 131-135. He advocates it for study of 

 Golgi apparatus and with Giemsa's 

 stain to give sharper differentiation 

 between agranulocytes and granulo- 

 cytes. 



Tantalum, see Atomic Weights. 



Tapeworm Proglottids. Orient pieces 4-5 

 cm. long containing gravid proglottids 

 between glass slides held together by 

 elastic bands. Fix in Bouin's fluid (sat. 

 aq. picric acid, 7 parts; glacial acetic 

 acid, 20 parts; and formalin, 10 parts 

 10-12 hrs. Wash in running water 2-3 

 min. Flood with 10% aq. NaOH (out- 

 lines of uterus become visible deep 

 orange). Rinse in tap water. Flood 

 with 5% HCl 1-2 min. Tap water 10- 

 15 min. Dehydrate in alcohol, clear in 

 xylol and mount in balsam (Dammin, 

 G. J., J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 1937-38, 

 23, 192-194). An oxidation reduction 

 method for stain differentiation is pro- 

 vided by Tapmisian, T. N., Stain 

 Techn., 1945, 20, 11-12. See Parasites. 



Target Cells. Er3'throcytes looking some- 

 what like the "bull's eyes" of targets 

 because a central hemoglobin rich area 

 is surrounded by a clear area enclosed 

 by a peripheral ring likewise rich in 

 hemoglobin. Target cells are well 

 demonstrated by Wright's Blood Stain. 

 They are often more numerous when the 

 blood plasma concentration is increased 

 and they show greater resistance than 

 normal erythrocytes to hypotonic salt 

 solutions. Target tissues are those 

 especially influenced by certain hor- 

 mones which seem to reach them as if 

 aimed at targets. 



Tarsal Glands. Whole mounts can be made 

 by the method described for Sebaceous 

 Glands. They are also known as 

 Meibomian glands. 



Taste Buds. To demonstrate, choose cir- 

 cumvallate papillae, fix in Bouin's 

 Fluid and stain with Hematoxylin and 

 Eosin. See Arey, L. B. et al., Anat. 

 Rec, 1935-36, 64, 9-25. 



Tartrazine (CI, 640), a pyrazolone acid dye 

 of light fastness 4. This bright yellow 

 dj^e is useful in coloring foodstuffs, light 

 filters, etc. (Emig, p. 46). Recom- 

 mended as a substitute for Orange G 

 in Mallory's Stain. 



Tatooing Pigments, see Exogenous Pig- 

 ments. 



Teeth. The most comprehensive statement 

 of microscopical technique is contained 

 in A. W. Wellings' "Practical Micros- 

 copy of the Teeth and Associated 

 Parts." London: John Bale Sons & 

 Curnow Ltd., 1938, 281 pp. A chapter 

 by Churchill and Appleton in McClung's 

 Technique is also useful. Teeth can 

 be studied from so many different angles 

 that to outline the techniques in a few 

 words is extraordinarily difficult. Their 

 composition of (1) enamel, the hardest 

 tissue in the whole body, with (2) dentin 

 which is highly mineralized and contains 

 the processes of cells but not their nu- 

 cleated bodies plus (3) richly cellular 



