TEICHMANN 



337 



THIAMINE 



the "lymph supply" of dentin and 

 enamel does not refer to lymph but to 

 tissue fluid for the spaces are not lined 

 with lymphatic endothelium. For tis- 

 sue fluid in these situations see Cowdry, 

 E. V. Problems of Ageing. Baltimore: 

 Williams & Wilkins, 1942, p. 693. An 

 excellent account of techniques designed 

 for investigation of the lymphatic sys- 

 tem of teeth and jaws is provided by 

 MacGregor, A., Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 

 1936-36, 29 (2), 1237-1272. His favorite 

 injection masses were strong solutions 

 of basic lead acetate and acid suspen- 

 sions of carmine. Before killing and 

 injecting the animals (cats, dogs, guinea 

 pigs and monkeys) he caused them to 

 inhale large doses of amyl nitrite with 

 the idea of dilating the peripheral blood 

 vessels. 



Teichmann, see Hemin Crystal Test, Flor- 

 ence Reaction. 



Tellurium, see Atomic Weights. 



Tellyesniczky's fixative. 5 parts of formol, 

 100 of 70% alcohol and 5 of acetic acid. 



Tendons. These are dense bands of col- 

 lagenic fibers interspersed by a few 

 flattened fibroblasts (lamellar cells). 

 Fixatives penetrate the larger ones 

 poorly. Zenker's Fluid and Hematoxy- 

 lin and Eosin are fairly satisfactory. 

 For mechanical factors in structure see 

 Carey, E. J., Am. J. Anat., 1936, 59, 

 89-122; Anat. Rec, 1936, 64, 327-341. 



Tensile Strength. An ingenious method has 

 been worked out to measure this prop- 

 erty of skin (Herrick, E. H., Anat. Rec, 

 1945, 93, 145-149). 



Terbium, see Atomic Weights. 



Tergitol, see Wetting Agents. 



Terpineol (or terpinol), a mixture of sub- 

 stances of composition CioHu and 

 CioHuO formed by action of dil. HCl 

 on terpin hydrate. Used as a clearing 

 agent. Can clear tissues from 90%, 

 even from 80% ale. A good mixture is 

 4 parts terpineol + 1 part xylol. 



Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (trimethyl carbinol). 

 Has been recommended as a substitute 

 for ethyl alcohol and clearing agents like 

 xylol in the paraffin technique because 

 it mixes easily both with water and 

 paraffin. It causes but little shrinkage 

 and hardening of tissue. One method 

 (Stowell, R. E., Science, 1942, 96, 166- 

 166) is partly to substitute for ethyl al- 

 cohol by passing through the following 

 series of mixtures: (1) Aq. dest., 60 cc. ; 

 96% ethyl, 40 cc. ; butyl, 10 cc. ; 1-2 hrs. 

 (2) Aq. dest., 30 cc. ; 95% ethyl, 50 cc. ; 

 butyl, 20 cc, 2 hrs. to several days. (3) 

 Aq. dest., 15 cc. ; 95% ethyl, 50 cc. ; 

 butyl, 35 cc; 1-2 hrs. (4) 95% ethyl, 

 45 cc. ; butyl, 55 cc. ; 1-2 hrs. (5) Butyl, 

 75 cc; abs. ethyl, 25 cc ; 1-3 hrs. (6) 

 Pure butyl, 3 changes 4 hrs. to over- 



night. (7) Equal parts pure butyl and 

 paraffin oil, 1-2 hrs. Infiltrate in paraf- 

 fin. Another method (Stowell, R. E., 

 J. Tech. Methods, 1942, 22, 71-74) is to 

 entirely substitute 50%, 70%, 85% and 

 pure butyl alcohol for the corresponding 

 ethyl alcohols. Stowell provides useful 

 suggestions as to the details of paraffin 

 imbedding. Tertiary butyl alcohol has 

 been recommended for dehydrating 

 material stained with methylene blue 

 and other dyes readily extracted during 

 ethyl alcohol dehydration (Levine, N. 

 D., Stain Techn., 1939, 14, 29-30). It 

 may be used as a substitute for ethyl 

 alcohol in the acid fast and Gram stains 

 for bacteria (Beamer, P. B. and Stow- 

 ell, R. E., J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 1943, 

 28, 1599-1602). Do not confuse with 

 n Butyl alcohol. 



Testis, M[ethods described elsewhere for 

 the ConnectiTe System, Blood Vessels, 

 Nerve Fibers and so on are available. 

 Technique for isolation of seminiferous 

 tubules is given under Maceration. 

 See also Chromosomes. Wagner, K., 

 Biologia Generalis, 1925, 1, 22-51 has 

 employed a method of vital staining with 

 trypan blue which he claims differen- 

 tiates between interstitial cells and 

 histiocytes or macrophages. Duesberg, 

 J., Biol. Bull., 1918, 35, 176-198, using 

 the Benda Method, obtained prepara- 

 tions of opossums which he thought 

 indicated discharge of material from the 

 interstitial cells into the blood stream. 

 Wagner (loc. cit.) has observed some- 

 what similar phenomena in other ani- 

 mals, but there has been no satisfactory 

 follow up. For detailed information 

 about interstitial cells see Rasmussen, 

 A. T., Cowdry '8 Special Cytology, 1932, 

 3, 1674-1726. 



Testosterone, Pollock, Anat. Rec, 1942, 84, 

 23-27. 



Tetrachrome Blood Stain, see MacNeal's. 



Tetralin is tetrahydronaphthalene used as a 

 clearing agent after Diaphanol. 



Tetrazolium Salt. Smith, F. Y.., Science, 

 1951, 113, 751-754 gives uses and limita- 

 tions. Neotetrazolium gives deep pur- 

 ple to black on reduction and is thus 

 superior to the tetrazolium salt. Blue 

 tetrazolium also has certain special 

 advantages. See Triphenyltetrazolium 

 Chloride. 



Thallium. Barbaglia's Method. Fix in 

 95% alcohol iodized. This precipitates 

 thallium in the form of insoluble crystals 

 of thallium iodide recognizable by their 

 yellow color (Lison, p. 66). 



Thiamine. Blaschko ana Jacobson (H. and 

 W. in Bourne's Cytology, 1942, p. 196) 

 refer to the work of Ellinger and Kos- 

 chara in the observation under the fluo- 

 rescence microscope of green fluorescence 



