TISSUE EOSINOPHILES 



350 



TOXOPLASMA 



Tissue Eosinophiles. Demonstration is 

 easy by the same techniques as for 

 Eosinophile Leucocytes. In rabbits a 

 marked increase of tissue eosinophiles 

 can be produced in maxillary sinus 

 mucosa by pilocarpinization. This at- 

 tains a maximum in 5 min. and disap- 

 pears after 24 hrs. (Nemours, P. R., 

 Arch. Otolaryng., 1933, 17, 38-42). 



Tissue Fluid. All living cells of the body 

 are aquatic. There is reason to think 

 that the tissue fluids, which they in- 

 habit, are not of uniform composition 

 throughout the body but exhibit regional 

 differences (Cowdry, E. V., Problems of 

 Ageing, Baltimore: Williams &Wilkins, 

 1942, 583-625) . Except when present in 

 large amounts, these tissue fluids can- 

 not be collected for chemical analysis. 

 Consequently microchemical means are 

 important in determination of their 

 nature. They are often described in 

 the literature as intercellular ground 

 substance. Many methods have been 

 described by S. H. Bensley (Anat. Rec, 

 1934, 60, 93-109) for the ground sub- 

 stance of Loose Connective Tissue. 

 See Spreading Factors. A method for 

 quantitative evaluation of tissue fluid- 

 lymph cellular ratios has been reported 

 by Allen, L., Anat. Rec, 1945, 92, 279- 

 287. See also Cartilage and Bone. 



Tissue phagocytes of the lungs (histocytes, 

 histiocytes, etc.) — Written by C. C. 

 Macklin, Dept. of Histological Re- 

 search, The University of Western 

 Ontario, London, Canada. November 

 28, 1951 — These cells are of mesodermal 

 origin and akin to the phagocytic cells 

 of the general connective tissue. They 

 are made conspicuous by the grains of 

 carbon or other particulate matter 

 which they ingest, which have escaped 

 the phagocytic clearance mechanism 

 of the pulmonary alveolar surfaces, 

 and which have worked their way into 

 the environments of the phagocytes. 

 They are demonstrable by any good 

 fixation and staining technique, and 

 may be made outstanding by the Vital 

 Staining method (which see). They are 

 not to be confused with the Dust Cells 

 (which see) which are of endodermal 

 origin and do not enter the connective 



Titan Yellow (CI, 813)— Erie fast yellow 

 WB, thiazole yellow — An acid thiazole 

 dye used in fluorescence microscopy. 

 See method for Magnesium. 



Titanium Dioxide. Huggins, C, Anat. Rec, 

 1939, 74, 231-253 used this compound 

 in a suspension as a vital stain for bone 

 marrow because the amounts taken in 

 by reticuloendothelial cells can be 

 measured. He employed specially puri- 

 fied titanium chloride obtained from 



Dr. J. L. Turner and the Titanium Pig- 

 ment Corporation, 111 Broadway, New 

 York. The method is to make a fine 

 5% suspension in 2% aq. gum acacia 

 by mixing with an electrical mixer for 

 1 hr. After keeping this at 4°C. for 2 

 days siphon off the supernatant fluid for 

 use to avoid aggregates which settle to 

 the bottom. Keep this likewise on ice 

 but warm to body temperature before 

 intravenous injection. Inject slowly 

 into ear veins of rabbits, each animal to 

 receive 3-6 injections of 10 cc on con- 

 secutive days. The titanium dioxide 

 E articles can easily be recognized as a 

 lack accumulation in the phagocytes 

 and its amount can be determined 

 chemically in fairly large bone samples 

 by a method detailed by the author. 



Tocopherol, see Vitamin E. 



Toisson Solution for diluting blood; aq. 

 dest. 160 cc; neutral glycerin, 30 cc; 

 sodium sulphate, 8 gm.; sodium chlo- 

 ride, 1 gm.; methyl violet, 0.025 gm. 



Toluene Red. Dimethyldiamidotoluphen- 

 azin. See Platelet staining solutions. 



Toluidin Blue O (CI, 925)— methylene blue 

 T 50 or T extra — Employed very widely. 

 Metachromatic staining with this dye 

 is specific for certain mucoproteins. 

 See Sylvto, B., Acta Radio., 1945, 

 Suppl. 59, 100 pp. 



Toluidine Blue Phloxinate. Instructions 

 for preparation (Lillie, R. D., Stain 

 Techn., 1941, 16, 1-6). Lillie now 

 recommends Azure Toluidine blue. 



Toluylene Blue (CI, 820). A basic indamin 

 dye, homologue of Bindschelder's Green 

 which see. 



Toluylene Red, see Neutral Red. 



Tolyl Blue 5 R (CI, 289), a disazo mordant 

 dye of light fastness 3 preparation and 

 use of which for plant and animal tissues 

 is described (Emig, p. 37). 



Tony Red, see Sudan III. 



Torsion Balances, see Balances. 



Torulosis, see Blastomycosis. 



Tourmaline, as a polarizer, see Bennett, 

 H. S. in McCIung's Microscopical 

 Technique, 1950, p. 614. 



Toxic Neutrophiles (see Neutrophiles, 

 toxic). 



Toxoplasma. These protozoa can be identi- 

 fied microscopically. They can be 

 colored with Wright's or Giemsa's 

 stain in impression preparations (see 

 Smears). To demonstrate them in sec- 

 tions use Giemsa's stain after Regaud's 

 fixative, eosin-methylene blue after 

 Zenker-acetic or hematoxylin and 

 phloxin after formalin (Pinkerton, H, 

 and Weinman, D., Arch. Path., 1940, 

 30, 374; Sabin, A. B., Advances in Pe- 

 diatrics, 1942, 1, 1). It is helpful in 

 diagnosis to compare with standard 



