CHAPTER III 



SOME LIFE RELATIONSHIPS : BUTTERFLIES AND BEES 



Questions. 1. In what ways are different kinds of insects alike ? 

 2. Do all bees sting? 3. How do bees sting? 4. Can butterflies bite or 

 sting ? 5. Can moths bite ? 6. How do moths destroy cloth or fur ? 

 7. Upon what do butterflies feed ? 8. In what ways are butterflies and 

 moths useful to mankind ? 9. How are butterflies and moths injurious 

 to man ? 



21. The butterfly. The butterfly belongs to the same class of 

 animals as does the grasshopper. The general plan of the body 

 is the same— head, thorax, abdomen. The number of legs and 

 of wings is the same, and the arrangement of these organs is 

 the same. The butterfly has antennae and compound eyes, as 

 has the grasshopper. But with all these resemblances nobody 

 is likely to mistake one of these animals for the other. 



Let us examine carefully a butterfly (or moth). We find that 

 every organ is in some way distinct from the corresponding 

 organ of the grasshopper. On the other hand, every organ of 

 the butterfly follows the general plan of the corresponding organ 

 of the grasshopper. Even the mouth, which shows perhaps the 

 greatest differences, can be seen to follow the same general plan. 



A comparison of the behavior of butterflies with the behavior 

 of grasshoppers brings out still more striking differences, as 

 well as important similarities. Suppose we answer for both 

 animals such questions as How does it find its food ? How does 

 it take in food ? How does it get impressions from the outside? 

 How does it move about ? How does it breathe ? How does it 

 reproduce ? Two facts are very likely to impress us : 



1. Corresponding organs carry on corresponding functions. 



2. Differences between corresponding organs are related to 



differences in the surroundings and habits. 



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