THE EMOTIONS 255 



ticular emotion to correspond with every instinctive act. Nor 

 must we forget that a habit may make the same demands upon 

 the organism as an instinctive impulse does (see section 203), 



210. Expression of the emotions. The changes in facial ex- 

 pression which we connect with changes in people's moods are 

 called the expressions of the emotions. The raising or lowering 

 of the corners of the mouth, the pursing or curling of the lips, 

 the lifting of the eyebrows or frowning, the bulging of the eyes 

 or the narrowing of the eye slit are very striking and distinctive. 

 Even a very young infant soon learns to judge the disposition of 

 his elders by these movements of the facial muscles. 



It is probably true that we may be miseducated by the extravagant or 

 exaggerated way in which some popular actors try to register various 

 emotions. They may thus give us not only false ideals of beauty but 

 misleading notions of human nature and of the relative importance of 

 the various things that happen in life. 



211. Organic effects of emotions. In anger the blood is 

 driven from the skin; one is "white with anger." At the same 

 time the pressure of the blood in the vessels is increased ; the 

 skeletal muscles become tense ; the stomach stops all work— 

 the secretion of gastric juice as well as its muscular work. These 

 changes are ordinarily not apparent to the observer, but they 

 are as truly parts of the emotion as the changes that we see 

 in the face. 



When one is angry he sometimes acts violently; the blood 

 rushes to his head, we say. Instead of thinking clearly about 

 what he is to do or how he is to do it, he is apt to act wildly, 

 and this peculiar conduct is also a manifestation of the emotion. 



In the case of fear we may find many departures from the 

 normal besides the facial expression. On the other hand, it is 

 possible for one to be "consumed by jealousy" or by curiosity 

 without showing it outwardly— at least without showing it in 

 a way that most of us would recognize. 



Aside from all the outward manifestations, and from the less 

 apparent ones, important chemical changes take place in the 



