558 



BIOLOGY AND HUMAN LIFE 



THE FOREST IN RELATION TO MAN 



Other tree and wood products 



Tanning material 



Pitch ; turpentine 



Rosin ; gums 



(Dyes) 



(Medical preparations) 



Sugar and sirup (maple) 



Distillation products (acetic 

 acid, wood alcohol, ace- 

 tone, oxalic acid, disin- 

 fectants, etc.) 



Windbreak 

 Shade 



1. Forest products 



Wood and its uses 

 Fuel 

 As wood and charcoal 

 As coal 

 Housing, shingles, laths, 



flooring, etc. 

 Poles, posts, fences 

 Railway ties, cars, platforms 

 Scaffolding, mine timbers 

 Shipbuilding, piers, masts, 



boats, etc. 

 Packing cases, cooperage 

 Furniture 

 Paper 



2. Forest and air 



Relation to oxygen 

 Influence on temperature 



through transpiration 



3. Forest and water 



Retains snows 



Retards flow of rain water and melting snow 



Prevents floods in spring Protects navigation 



Prevents drought in summer Equalizes water in streams 



Insures water power Prevents deposits of silt 



4. Forest and soil 



Prevents erosion Makes possible reclamation of 



Loss of soil desert through irrigation 



Filling of harbors 



5. Other forest values 



Grazing for sheep, horses, and cattle 

 Home for game and fur animals 

 Source of recreation and relaxation 



6. Forest dangers 



Destructive lumbering exploitation 



Fires 



Insects 



Fungi 



Rodents and grazing animals 



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