8 SUGGESTIONS TO SETTLERS ON BELLE FOURCHE PROJECT. 



start, but more of them are bound to die for want of moisture. If 

 the land to be planted to trees has previously been under cultiva- 

 tion it should be plowed as deeply as possible in the fall and left 

 rough until spring. Avhen it should be thoroughly disked and har- 

 rowed before planting. New land should be broken in the early 

 summer, replowed deep after the spring rains, and then disked and 

 harroAved until the sod is in good tilth. Harrowing should be con- 

 tinued during the remainder of the summer to provide a good dust 

 mulch. 



Some of the best trees to use for windbreaks are green ash, cotton- 

 ■w^ood, Avhite elm, white willow, Russian golden willow, Russian 

 -oleaster, honey locust, Scotch pine, Black Hills spruce, and red cedar. 

 The willows, the cottonwood, and the Black Hills spruce should be 

 planted in moist situations. 



If weather conditions are favorable, planting should be done 

 'during April and the first part of May. The rows should be at least 

 24 feet apart. On dry land 30 feet would be better, while on irri- 

 gated land the rows may be as close as 16 feet. The trees should 

 be i^lanted G to 8 feet apart in the rows and in such manner as to 

 allow cross cultivation. Cultivation is an absolute necessity, and as 

 soon as the trees are set out the cultivator or drag should be started • 

 and a deep dust mulch maintained during the summer months. On 

 heavy gumbo soil deep cultivation must be practiced so as to keep 

 the ground from crusting beneath the mulch. An absolutely clean 

 fallow must be maintained all summer until the trees shade the 

 ground enough to keep out the weeds and grass. 



APPLES. 



Some of the hardier varieties of api^les will do very well in this 

 region. To start an orchard, the land must be well prejDared and 

 the trees given plenty of room — not closer than 33 feet each way. 

 Deep and absolutely clean cultivation should be maintained all 

 summer. Yearling and 2-year-old trees are the best to plant. The 

 following varieties are suggested as being likely to do well : Yellow 

 Transparent, Oldenburg, Wealthy, Pewaukee, Peerless, Milwaukee, 

 and Malinda. Crab apples : Florence and Whitney. 



SMALL FRUITS. 



Small fruits can be readily grown in this section. The land must 

 be well prejoared before and thoroughly cultivated after planting. 

 For currants, gooseberries, and raspberries the rows should be 6 

 feet apart and the plants 3 to 4 feet apart in the row. For straw- 

 berries the roAvs should be 4 feet apart and the plants 18 to 24 inches 

 apart in the row. 



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