WEATHER BUREAU. 75 



Sundays and holidays included, of the regular twice-daily forecasts, 

 cold wave, frost, and other warnings and information issued for 

 the States comprised in the Washington and Chicago forecast dis- 

 tricts. On Wednesday during April to November, inclusive, a sum- 

 mary of weather conditions as they affected crops during the pre- 

 ceding week also is included. These disseminations are made from 

 the naval radio stations at Arlington, Va., and Great Lakes, 111., 

 respectively. This service began June 20, 1922, for the Chicago 

 district and on June 26, 1922, for the Washington district. Radio- 

 telegraphy and high wave-lengths are utilizecl for these dissemina- 

 tions as telegraphy is more reliable than telephony for long-range 

 transmissions. All the States included in the two districts are 

 within the range of the naval radio stations at Arlington and Great 

 Lakes. Eadio receiving stations that are equipped for high wave- 

 length receptions receive direct service thereby. Local radiophone 

 broadcasting stations, most of which are in charge of operators 

 having the required proficiency in radiotelegraph, also are enabled 

 to secure the forecasts, warnings, etc., for localized radiophone broad- 

 casting. 



The primary broadcasting of the State forecasts and summaries 

 from the district forecast centers at Washington and Chicago is an 

 immediate adaptation by the Weather Bureau of plans approved 

 by the interdepartmental radio committee, which contemplates the 

 use of a few high-powered Government radio stations for broadcast- 

 ing official information by radiotelegraphy for the entire country. 

 Plans are now in formation for beginning the broadcasting about 

 September 1. 1922. of the State forecasts, summaries, etc., for the 

 States in the San Francisco forecast district. It is hoped that sim- 

 ilar plans for the remaining districts — New Orleans and Denver — ■ 

 Avill be effected within a few months, thus bringing all the States 

 into the system. 



Material extensions were also made during the year in the radio 

 bulletin service for the special benefit of marine and aviation inter- 

 ests. On March 15, 1922, broadcasting of a major bulletin from 

 Goat Island (near San Francisco) was begun, and localized bul- 

 letins from Tatoosh Island, Wash.; North Head, Wash.: Eureka, 

 Calif.: San Pedro, Calif.; and Dutch Harbor. Alaska. On April 

 15. 1922, service of the same character was inaugurated for the Great 

 Lakes regions, the major bulletins being disseminated from Great 

 Lakes. 111.: and the local bulletins from Alpena. Mich.: Buffalo, 

 X. Y. : Chicago. 111. : Cleveland. Ohio : and Duluth, Minn., replacing 

 a limited broadcasting service previously conducted at those points. 

 The radio l)roadcasting work on the Great Lakes and the Pacific 

 coast is on the same basis as on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The 

 character of the major and the local bulletins were described in the 

 report for 1921. In all of this work the Weather Bureau is in- 

 debted to the Director of the Oflfice of Communications of the Navy 

 Department and the officials in charge of the various naval radio sta- 

 tions for cordial and efiicient cooperation. 



Exchange of iceather reports. — ^Meteorology is essentially an inter- 

 national science. Cyclones and anticyclones have no regard for 

 boundary lines or 3-mile limits. Exchange of weather reports among 

 all the nations in the Northern Hemisphere is ncessary for the de- 



