116 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



ist. The results have been highly satisfactory. In one State the 

 quality of cheese made in the demonstration factories graded over 85 

 per cent fancy and No. 1 for the season, while the same factories be- 

 fore using cultures produced less than 30 per cent fancy and Xo. 1 

 cheese. In another State the output of demonstration factories was 

 sold at a price 30 per cent higher than that obtained by neighboring 

 factories not using cultures. 



CREAMERY OPERATION. 



Creamer}^ introduction work has been carried on in Tennessee, 

 Mississippi, Louisiana, and North Carolina. Efforts have been di- 

 rected toward improving the quality of milk and cream delivered 

 to creameries, the quality of the product manufactured, and the gen- 

 eral efficiency of operation. Special attention has been given to 

 creamery records and cream grading. Assistance has been given 

 new creameries in planning and installing the equipment. The sale 

 of dairy products through creameries in the States named is proving 

 very satisfactory to the farmers. The output of the creameries is 

 on the increase. 



THE GROVE CITY CREAIWERY. 



The Grove City Creamery, Grove City, Pa., on April 30 com- 

 pleted its seventh year of operation under the supervision of the 

 Dairy Division. Butter continues to be the principal product, but 

 condensed skim milk, plain and sweetened, and Swiss, Roquefort, 

 Camembert, Cheddar, cottage, and club cheeses have also been made 

 in relatively large quantities. Milk and cream for household use 

 have been pasteurized and prepared for local retail sale as in former 

 years. Prior to April 1 these products were sold only at the 

 creamery, but on that date delivery by wagon was begim, and as a 

 result sales have materially increased. The preparation of ice-cream 

 mixes for use by ice-cream manufacturers was begun during the year 

 and is proving very popular. The mix is ready for freezing when 

 shijjped from the creamery. The quality of the products made has 

 been kept at the same high standard as in previous years, and in the 

 case of Swiss and Roquefort cheese some improvement has been 

 made. An addition to the creamery building has been made recently 

 to provide space for the manufacture and canning of evaporated 

 milk. 



Since efficiency of operation is measured largely by the cost of 

 production, this subject has received consideration through a study of 

 the unit cost of manufacturing creamery products at the Grove City 

 Creamery. This study included 11 different products, the total cost 

 of each being divided into numerous items on which separate figures 

 are desired for making a detailed analysis. 



SUPERVISION OF BUTTER FOR THE NAVY. 



Cooperation with the Navy Department in obtaining for the Navy 

 butter made from sweet cream under definite manufacturing stand- 

 ards has been continued. Seven creameries having contracts for 

 Navy butter produced 800,168 pounds under the supervision of the 



