BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. 411 



by the results of this work and enthusiastically advocate its con- 

 tinuance. 



The Antelope control project. — This project is located in north- 

 ern California, and has been carried on in cooperation with a 

 lumber company. The cost of this work has been paid by the 

 owners, and it was done under the supervision of an expert of the 

 bureau located at the Ashland (Oreg.) station. The work has been 

 practically completed except for subsequent maintenance work. An 

 area of 52,000 acres was brought under control, and the annual loss 

 on the area has been reduced to from 1.4 to 0.4 per cent. The 

 annual saving indicated shows a considerable profit over the cost 

 of the operations. 



Grand Canyon-Kaibab control project, Arizona. — This project, 

 mentioned in my last report as having been entered upon coopera- 

 tively by the Forest Service, the Park Service, and this bureau, 

 was undertaken on account of the beetle infestation over an area 

 including about 80,000 acres in the Grand Canyon National Park 

 and the Kaibab National Forest. More than 20,000 acres have been 

 covered in the work so far. 



Other control projects. — A test of maintenance control is now 

 in its fourth season, in cooperation with the Forest Service, under 

 the title " The San Joaquin project." A small investigational 

 project along maintenance lines has been begun in the Helena Na- 

 tional Forest, in Montana, and another one of the same character 

 has been carried on in the Santa Barbara National Forest under 

 the title of " The Figueroa project." Examinations which have 

 been made over an area on the Modoc National Forest, in California, 

 indicated infestation by bark-beetles, and control work has been 

 begun by the Forest Service under the supervision of experts of this 

 bureau. Other field studies have been made over areas of wind- 

 blown timber and of slash, and certain conclusions of practical 

 value have been reached. 



The southern pine beetle. — During the latter part of 1922 and 

 early in 1923 it became obvious that a serious outbreak of the south- 

 ern pine beetle was threatening in southern Virginia. In this region 

 this insect had not occurred in dangerous numbers for many years. 

 Demonstration control work in Accomac and Northampton Counties, 

 Va., and at Ashland, Va. (near Eichmond), have resulted in effective 

 control, and a threatening epidemic has apparently been checked. 

 There is some evidence that this southern pine beetle is locally de- 

 structive in other more southern States, and examinations are to be 

 made in these regions in the near future. 



The spruce budavorm. — The spruce budworm has been studied in 

 New England and in the Lake States, and has made its appearance in 

 injurious numbers in northern Idaho. What appears to be this 

 species is also causing the defoliation of the Douglas fir and the 

 Engeimann spruce in the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. 

 It is being studied by one of the department's experts stationed at 

 Coeur D'Alene, Idaho. . n , 



Other forest insects. — Additional studies have been made of the 

 Pandora moth, which has been defoliating pines near the Klamath 

 Indian Eeservation in Oregon, of the large sawfly which threatens 

 an outbreak in the upper peninsula of ^Michigan, of the Nantucket 

 pine moth, which is doing some destructive work at Halsey, Nebr., 



