BUKliAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 219 



drying. The ventilated box as a container for c ranberries has been 

 found to be much more satisfactory for preserving the fruit than 

 tiie barrel, and it is being largely substituted at present for barrels. 

 Spraying is being more generally practiced on the Paciiic coast, wiiere 

 certain fungous diseases are causes of serious loss. Bordeaux mix- 

 ture gives promise of being a practicable preventive of red leaf-spot, 

 end-rot, and tip-blight, which are common in that region. 



SCAH or Al'l'I.KS AM) I'KAI;S IN TIIK I'ACIllC NOIiYII WKST. 



The very humid conditions that prevail in the humid sections of the 

 northern Pacific coast have resulted in severe losses from apple scab. 

 Investiaations have shown that tb.e disease can l)e held entirelv in 

 check by thorough spraying. 



SCAI.l) or Al'lM.KS. 



The ventilated barrel has been found extremely important in se- 

 curing proper aeration in fctora^re. ThroAving open the windows of 

 the storage room and the operation of fans to secure better ventila- 

 tion have been found of value, but no method of air renewal has 

 been completely successful. Oil wrappers have entirely controlled 

 the disease under all storage conditions tested. At the suggestion of 

 this bureau the Bureau of Chemistry has made a study of the gases 

 given off by the apples and has made its report in the July number of 

 the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The report states 

 that while various estei'S are given off by the apples, acetaldehyde is 

 also produced and may be the most important factor in the produc- 

 tion of apple scald. Further experiments are being made with special 

 reference to the more complete control of the disease in barreled 

 apples. 



BROWN-ROT OF PRUNES AND CHERRIES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 



It has been found that the brown-rot of prunes and cherries can 

 be completely held in check by sprajdng. Also that the sprayed fruit 

 stands up far better in shipment than the unsprayed. The more 

 alkaline spray materials have not been found satisfactory, on account 

 of the dwarfing effect produced on the cherries. 



Similar studies are in progress on the peach-rot fungi. Shipments 

 of peaches and cherries have also been made under various transpor- 

 tation conditions. Special study has also been made of the relation 

 of Jonathan spot, scald, and other skin defects to rot infection. 



DEVELOPMENT OF ORCHARD-SPRAYING METHODS. 



Comparative tests of dusting and spraying methods were continued 

 in both peach and apple orchards. In tlie case of the peach the tests 

 were particularly severe, and neither spray nor dust gave as good 

 control of brown-rot as was expected. The dust was about as effi- 

 cient as the spray. In the case of the apple, as in previous years, 

 scab, black-rot, leaf-spot blotch. sof)ly Idotch, and b.itter rot were 

 not controlled by dusting. To tiie list of diseases almost entirely pi-e- 

 vented by spraying but not controlled by dusting was added the New 

 Hampshire fruit-spot, which was especially destructive in the Ozarks. 

 where our experiments were carried on. 



