258 ANNUM. REPORTS 0¥ DEP.yRTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



spoction uiul a chemist is now in the employ of the industry to see 

 that in future tlie consumer <rets ajiph>s. and not water at the price 

 of apples. AVhile hereafter the public will be saved annually some 

 thousands of dollars, the total cost to the bureau of this work over 

 and above salaries was approximately $225. 



A number of other fruit j^rochicts. especially vinefi;ar and bever- 

 a<res, such as misbranded or adulterated cider, or imitations sold as 

 genuine fruit beverages, required prosecution. Among the latter, 

 imitation orange-juice beverages were particularly prominent. Ma- 

 chines known as homogenizers or emulsors, designed to subdivide 

 oils or similar liquids so finely in Avater or other licjuid immiscible 

 with the oil as to produce permanent emulsions, have been in use for 

 a variety of purposes for a number of years. These are noAV em- 

 ployed in the soft-drink industry to emulsify such oils as orange 

 oil in manufacturing a cloudy, strongly-flavored beverage. Because 

 these beverages are cloudy, they are easily palmed off as containing 

 fruit juice. As orange juice is used not merely as a beverage, but 

 also in infant fqeding, such a deception may have serious conse- 

 quences. It is there foie important to see that these drinks are 

 branded in such manner as to give the customer full information of 

 their true character. Sold under such conditions, they are legitimate 

 products. Announcement was made last year of the discovery of 

 a new method for the identification of Avaste apple products vinegar. 

 AVith the help of this method seizures of such vinegar sold as genuine 

 cider vinegar w'ere made this year and are now awaiting judicial 

 determination. 



Despite the fact that between one-seventh and one-eighth of all the 

 cases brought under the terms of the food and drugs act are against 

 feeds, flagrant abuses still persist. Whenever there is a rising market 

 for such products as cottonseed meal, as Avas the case last year, viola- 

 tions of the law become quite frequent. For a number of reasons the 

 bureau can not avoid paying an amount of attention to feeds out of 

 all proportion to that paid to foods and drugs. Nevertheless, the 

 situation is qviite out of hand, and more drastic action by special 

 appropriation, so that there may be enforcement of the laAv with 

 reference to feeds Avithout sacrificing the efficiency of the control of 

 human foods, is called for. 



A typical example of the value of the food and drugs act to 

 purchasers of stock feed is to be seen in the case of the bureau's ex- 

 perience Avith the substitution of bran for shorts during the year. 

 Throughout 1919 the difference in price betAveen bran and shorts 

 ranged from $14 to $22 per ton. P^or many months, from July to 

 October, this difference ranged from $17 to $19 per ton. During the 

 same period red dog flour was quoted at a price ver}- close to that of 

 shorts, usually from $2 to $5 per ton higher. Few^ sales, however, 

 were made, a large part of the red dog flour being mixed wath and 

 sold as shorts. Because of the unusual demand of the feeders for hog 

 feed, the price of shorts, w^hich is ordinarily less than that of bran, 

 became so high as to induce many individuals to grind bran finely 

 and to substitute it for and sell it as shorts. In this case the buyer, 

 almost always a stock feeder, was defrauded of at least $18 per ton. 

 This substitution of reground bran for shorts was A^ery common 

 during the latter half of 1919 and the early part of 1920. Action was 



