BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. 315 



Continued tests Avith the spray «j^un in orchards indicate its value 

 as a permanent appliance in orchard spraying. When carefully com- 

 pared Avith spray rods and nozzles there appears to be little difference 

 in effectiveness, with a distinct advantajije for the si)ray <:un in 

 i-apidity of application. At the Delaware station attention has been 

 tjiven to the influence of packino; sheds on the abundance of the 

 codlinfif moth; thus, in cooperation with several prominent ai)ple 

 growers, baskets used to harvest the apple crop of 11)19 were kept 

 over winter and spring in tight buildings. During the period of 

 spring emergence of the moth hundreils of them ai)peared from 

 cocLK)ns spun in the baskets, but died in the buildings instead of 

 escajDing in the orchards as they do in most instances. This factor 

 in codling-moth control is one that has not been sufficiently stressed, 

 especially in view of the increase of packing houses in orchards. It 

 will receive further attention. 



Experiments are under way to establish, if possible, in the Yakima 

 Valley certain eastern parasites of the codling moth, which are here 

 of considerable value. Some shipments have already been made. In 

 cooperation with the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 

 and certain other northeastern institutions, tests are being made with 

 a three-in-one dust composed of a fungicide, arsenate of lead, and 

 tobacco extract for the treatment at one and the same time of fungus 

 diseases, biting insects, such as the codling moth, and sucking insects, 

 such as plant-lice and red bugs. 



In connection with studies of the codling moth, attention is also 

 being given to numerous other apple insects, and valuable data have 

 been accumulated on the life histories and the effect of various con- 

 trol measures. Among thone are the apple maggot, cankerworms, 

 certain leafhoppers, the apple curculio, etc. 



A\'ork with apple-tree borers which has been under way for some 

 time is now nearing completion r.nd publications have been issued 

 or are in press. 



(jRAPE INSECT INVESTIGATIONS. — The investigations of the insect 

 pests of the grape in northern Ohio have been continued in coopera- 

 tion with the Ohio Agricultural Experiment .Station, particular at- 

 tention being given to the gra])e-berrv moth. Additional data have 

 been obtained on its life history and further experiments have been 

 carried out in vineyards. Experience with the two-spray method of 

 control confirms earlier conclusions that this plan is effective in pre- 

 venting serious injury and in obviating almost entirely the presence 

 of spray residue on the fruit at harvest time. Results obtained from 

 a single spray confirm earlier results and indicate that in vineyards 

 where the; gra})e-berrv moth is not seriously destructive one treat- 

 ment with an arsenical, sucii as arsenate of lead, will be suflicient. 



Complaint was received of the destructive occurrence in portions 

 of the grape regions of Michigan of the grape rootworm and a 

 species of plant-louse. Although these pests have long l)(>en present 

 in til is territory, tiieir injuries there have heretofore been quite un- 

 important. 



Miscellaneous grape insects in the Ozarks. — In connection with the 

 bureau's laboratorv at I'entonvillc, Ark., attention is being given to 

 grai)e in.sects in the Ozark region of Arkansas and .southern Mis- 

 souri, in the latter State, in coopeiation with the Missouri Fruit Ex- 



