284 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



and, in still fewer instances, of the foliage. It is now known to be 

 possible for the orchanlists to make the lime-sulphur solution by boil- 

 lufr these materials on the farm, or it can be purchased on the market 

 already prepared. 



DE^roNSTRATION SPRAYING. — The demonstrations in spraying for 

 apple diseases have been continued, mainly in Virginia. This work 

 has given excellent results and has been a great stimulus to the 

 orchardists all over the country in the production of better fruit. It 

 has encouraged the growing of larger crops of apples of finer quality, 

 particularly in the eastern half of the United States, where fungous 

 diseases are such a large factor in the output of the orchard. The 

 crop of fruit this fall in the East Avill average better in quality than 

 any crop of recent j'ears because it has been spra3'^ed more thoroughly 

 and more scientifically. 



Peach brown-rot. — The control of the brown-rot of the peach has 

 been worked out during the past three years in a satisfactory manner 

 through tlie utilization of the self-boiled lime-sulphur spray, as out- 

 lined in previous reports. The increased number of spraying demon- 

 strations, particularly in cooperation with the Bureau of Entomology 

 and with the combined self-boiled lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead 

 have brought this matter still more prominently before the peach 

 orchardists of the humid parts of the United States, where this dis- 

 ease plays such havoc in average seasons. Demonstrations carried 

 out on a very large scale at several points in Georgia were extended 

 to Virginia and AVest Virginia. The spraying of the peach, therefore, 

 covers not only the brown-rot, but the black spot or peach scab and 

 plum curculio, which makes the fruit wormy. The three great sum- 

 mer pests of this fruit, therefore, have been brought under control 

 by spraying. 



Miscellaneous orchard diseases. — Several miscellaneous orchard 

 diseases have been investigated during the past season. The apple 

 powdery mildew has been brought under control on the Pacific coast. 

 Several fruit spots have been studied. Work on frost injuries to 

 fruits has yielded some interesting points, and the protection of the 

 blossoms from frosts by fires and smudges has been given attention, 

 particularly by ^Nlr. P. J. O'Gara, Assistant Pathologist, in the Rogue 

 River valley. Additional studies have been made on the various types 

 of frost injuries and methods of their prevention. 



Grape diseases. — Work on grape diseases has been continued in 

 New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Excellent results were 

 obtained in the autumn of 1909. It is interesting to note that the 

 Bordeaux mixture for use on the grape still retains its supremacy, 

 though it has lost ground on the apple and most orchard fruits. 



Miscellaneous diseases of small fruits, — Work on the diseases 

 of the cranberry has been carried out mainly in Massachusetts and 

 New Jersey. In Massachusetts new work has been taken up in co- 

 operation with the state experiment station. A number of other 

 diseases of the small fruits have been studied in the field and numer- 

 ous details in the life history of the fungi causing these diseases, in- 

 cluding the anthracnoses, have been studied during the year. 



