406 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



estimated cost of noarly $600,000; and of otiior permanent improve- 

 ments, incliidinj!; ran,(]i;crs' quarters, of over $1,000,000. With the 

 further amounts needed for fire lines, bridjjjes, watch towers, tool 

 stations, and otiier purposes, the cost of the present estimated needs 

 of the Forests reaches a total of over $7,800,000. The importance 

 of tlie permanent improvement work as a part of tlio or<fanizcd fire 

 protection lias ah'cady been discussed on pa^jcs 18 and 19. 



By cooperation with States, communities, associations, and indi- 

 viduals in equijiping the Forests with facihties of benefit both to the 

 Service and to the cooperators many needed imjirovements were 

 secured at a low cost. On the Cleveland National Forest a road 1 

 miles long was built at a total cost of $18,134.66; the Forest Service 

 contributed $2,134.66. To the Libby Creek Avagon road, on the Koo- 

 tenai Forest, built in cooperation with mine owners at a cost of $5,000, 

 the Service contributed $500. A road built on the La Sal Forest in 

 cooi)eration with the county and with private subscribers cost the 

 Service $150, with a total outlay of $1,820. On the Manti Forest 

 $331.75 was contributed toward the building of a road in coo]")eration 

 with the people of Emery and Ferron, Utah, which cost $2, 117. 65. In 

 many other cases roads, trails, telephone lines, drift fences, pastures, 

 corrals, and miscellaneous improvements were i^rovided at a cost to 

 the Forest Service of but 10 to 20 per cent of the total. 



In inhabited regions within the Forests the development both of the 

 country and of the highest usefTilness of the Forests is promoted by 

 such cooperative work. Only a small part, however, of the perma- 

 nent improvement fund could be allotted to such work, since the char- 

 acter of most of the country included within the National Forests is 

 such that facilities to enable the Forest officers to reach the more inac- 

 cessible parts quickly when fires occur must be the first consideration. 



FEDERAL COOPEHATION 



In cooperation with the War Department examinations were made 

 of trees and timber and plans prej^ared for forest management or 

 timber sales supervised at Forts Huachuca, Sheridan, Slocum, and 

 Wingate military reservations, and at the Augusta, Frankfort, 

 Watertown, and Watervliet arsenals. Cooperative experimental 

 planting work also was done with the War Department at the Saun- 

 derstown ]\Iilitary Reservation, near Newport, R. I. 



For the Interior Department an examination w^as made of forest 

 conditions on the Hot Springs Reservation, and certain timber in the 

 Yosemite National Park was estimated. With the exception of the 

 Menominee Reservation, where the Forest Service is required by law 

 to designate for cutting the fully matured and ripened green timber, 

 no cooperative timber work has been conducted on Indian reserva- 

 tions since the termination of the cooperative agreement at the begin- 

 ning of this fiscal year. 



STATE AND PRIVATE COOPERATION 



Besides administering the National Forests it is also the duty of the 

 Service to promote forestry throughout the country. It does this 

 chiefly by cooperating with States and ])rivate owners. 



The policy of the Service in cooperative work follows three distinct 

 lines: (1) Advising States which ask for aid in the formulation of a 



