426 ANNUAL KEPOKTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



physical properties of wood under certniii specific conditions; and 

 the ellect upon the ])hysicul and mechanical properties of wood of 

 heating under oil and other liquids. The minor projects include: 

 Relations of the hydroscopic conditions of wood to temperature 

 and vajior pressures; mechanical experiments and microscopic 

 examinations to determine the eilect or dill'erent processes of treat- 

 ment upon the i)enetrability of wood to preservatives and gases; 

 specific gravity determinations by diflerential immersion methods; 

 and density of the wood substance of diiferent species. 



In the section of pulp, experiments and studies will be made to 

 establish standard methods for determining the suitability of various 

 forms of wood waste for the manufacture of pulp; to determine the 

 suitability of various woods, including Eastern hemlock, birch, and 

 jack pine, for the production of ground wood pulp; and to determine 

 the suitability for the production of chemical pulp of jack pine, 

 Eastern tamarack, Eastern red spruce, aspen {Poimlus tremuloides) , 

 Eastern hemlock, paper birch, yellow birch, Douglas fir, Western 

 hemlock, lodgepole pine (green and fire-killed), longleaf pine, Engel- 

 mann spruce, redwood waste, cottonwood (Poimlus deltoides and 

 P. trichocarpa) , loblolly pine, barker waste, and white fir. It is also 

 planned to take up later sycamore, red alder, beech, grand fir, maple, 

 and cotton gum. 



Wood distillation studies will include experiments to establish 

 standard technical methods for determining the suitability of various 

 woods for the production of distillation products under saturated- 

 steam distillation and imder direct-heat distillation; experiments and 

 studies to determine the commercial feasibility of producing volatile 

 oils and resins from different resinous woods by saturated-steam dis- 

 tillation, and of producing oils by direct-heat distillation, and to learn 

 the common destructive distillation products ; experiments and studies 

 to determine the commercial feasibility of treating different non- 

 resinous woods by direct-heat distillation for the production of the 

 common destructive distillation products; experiments and studies in 

 practical methods of extracting resins from different woods with 

 volatile solvents; experiments to determine the effect of turpentine 

 operations on the lumber value of the butt logs of longleaf pine; and 

 experiments to determine the amount and composition of products 

 obtained by standard methods of turpentining when applied to 

 Western yellow pine. 



The section of chemistry will study the revision of specifications 

 for turpentine, the analysis and grading of commercial coal-tar 

 creosotes, ■ the quantity and quality of tannin in barks and woods 

 not now used as a source of tannin material, and the chemical proper- 

 ties of various resins and gums, for the purpose of determining their 

 composition and probable uses. 



The section of engineering will give attention to the design of tie, 

 pole, and post treating plants, the design of an experimental ground 

 wood laboratory, the tlesign and construction of an experimental 

 dry kiln, and the devising of a hack for shallow turpentine chipping. 

 It will also make an analytical study of the construction and opera- 

 tion of commercial turpentine distillation plants, to ascertain the 

 conditions to which each class of plant is adapted, the difficulties 

 encountered in its operation, and the best designs for the purpose in 

 view; will design and construct a model of a sap-stain machine; will 



