BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. 523 



unchecked, and is probably on the increase, owing to the present 

 methods of lumbering and general management of forest land. 



PBACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESULTS. 



While there is evidence that some of the information on practical 

 methods of preventing losses is being utilized to the best advantage 

 to reduce the cost and increase the profits to owners and operators, 

 which will ultimately lead to reduced cost to the consumer and the 

 better protection of the resources, it becomes more and more apparent 

 that, in order to convince the majority of the people who would 

 derive the most benefit that the information is of real practical value 

 to them, they must be shown. They either have not read the publica- 

 tions or asked for information, or they have not appreciated the 

 importance of adhering to the essential details of the recommenda- 

 tions. Therefore, it has been necessary to carry on a certain amount 

 of demonstration work and for the experts to give direct instructions 

 and advice in the field. 



This line of educational work carried on during the past four years 

 has shown most gratifying results during the past yeav, especially in 

 proving that the methods recommended may be easily understood 

 and properly applied by owners of timber, government forest officials, 

 and managers of manufacturing enterprises, and that the desired 

 results can be secured tlirough the proper expenditure of a compara- 

 ti\ely small amount of money and energy. 



The areas in Colorado in the vicinity of Colorado Springs, Palmer 

 Lake, Idaho Springs, and on the Trinchera estate and Las Animas 

 National Forest, where the control Avork directed against the Black 

 Hills beetle was completed at various times since 1905, as mentioned 

 in preceding reports, have been examined during the past year, and, 

 as indicatecf by the failure to find dying or infested trees, the success- 

 ful control work continues to have its protective influence. 



The control work against the Black Hills beetle in the Wet Moun- 

 tains section of the San Isabel National Forest, Colorado, completed 

 at the close of the fiscal year 1909. was found, upon examination 

 during the present year, to be a complete success, as were also the 

 control operations in and adjacent to the Jefferson National Forest, 

 Montana, which were started in June, 1909, and completed in July 

 of the same year. 



The evidence gathered from the results of the investigations and 

 control work relating to these six cases indicates that the proper 

 disposal of a total of some 4.000 trees within the areas during a 

 period of four years at a first cost of about $2,000, or an average of 

 50 cents per tree, has ended depredations, which, during a preceding 

 period or ten years, had caused an average death rate of more than 

 7,000 trees per year, or a total of 7,000.000 feet, board measure, having 

 a stumpage value of $14,000. 



The work carried on in cooperation with private timber owners 

 and forest officials in northwestern Montana, inaugurated last fall, 

 has yielded most satisfactory results, especially in the fact that the 

 private owners have boon made to realize the importance of prompt 

 action to prevent the total destruction of the remaining merchantable 

 timber. This has led to the proper treatment by cutting and barking 

 or otherwise disposing of between 9,000 and 10,000 beetle-infested 



