OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS. 773 



material from the cut down the hillside. A plat was leveled off large enough to eet up 

 the crushing plant and the rocks were crushed and used as a foundation course 9 inches 

 in thickness. This was covered 3 inches deep with limestone of excellent binding and 

 fair wearing quality crushed until it was from three-fourths of an inch to 2 inches in 

 size, and bonded in the usual way with limestone screenings. The rocks were loosened 

 in the bank with a plow, hauled with tongue scrapers, and dumped through a "trap " 

 into the crusher. The crushed material was elevated, passed through a revolving 

 screen with three-fourths, 2, and 3 inch perforations, dropped into a bin of 25 cubic 

 yards capacity, and loaded by gravity into slat-bottom farm wagons. 1 1 was necessary 

 to break the large rocks with hammers, as the crusher opening was 9 by 18 inches. 

 Power for the crusher was furnished by a 20-horsepower electric motor. The average 

 power consumed was 15 horsepower, and this was had at a rate of .$G.20 per horse- 

 power month. The total cost of putting the crushed rocks into the bins was 42.9 centa 

 per cubic yard. One thousand two hundred and thirty cubic yards of earth were 

 excavated with a road grader at a cost of $96, or 7.8 cents per cubic yard. The 

 average haul from the crusher to the road was 1,9^0 feet. The crushed material was 

 spread on the road with shovels and rock-rakes and rolled with a 14-ton roller. 

 With labor per day of eight hours at $2, teams at $4, and coal at $5.50 per ton, the 

 total cost of the road to the community was $2,180.67, or 45.9 cents per square yard, 

 which is at the rate of $4,039.62 per mile. 



RossLYN, Va. — The work of building a macadam road at Rosslyn, Va., was begun 

 on November 23, 1909, and completed on July 23, 1910. The road, 3,913 feet in length 

 and 16 feet in width, was built through a hilly country over red clay soil. To secure 

 proper grades and drainage 1,325 cubic yards of earth were moved with drag scrapers 

 and in wagons an average distance of 500 feet. The macadam, laid in three courses, 

 was 6^ inches in thickness when compacted. Two hundred and thirteen cubic yards 

 of the first course, a local quartz stone of poor quality for road work, were quarried at 

 a cost of 50 cents per cubic yard and crushed at a cost of 67 cents per cubic yard. For 

 the remainder of the work 1,616 cubic yards of stone were purchased, shipped 38 miles 

 by rail at a cost of $2,084.75, and hauled a distance of 4 miles to the road. Water for 

 the roller and sprinkler was obtained from a tank by the roadside. The cost of sprink- 

 ling and rolling was 4.3 cents per square yard. Labor cost $1.50 per day, teams $4 

 per day, and coal $4.50 per ton. The actual cost of the road was $5,258.65. All labor 

 and material was furnished by contract for $4,943.88, which is at the rate of $6,370 per 

 mile, and which is the amount actually paid by the community. 



GRAVEL ROADS. 



Kalamazoo, Mich. — West slreet-Porluge Center. — The construction of the W^est 

 street- Portage Center gravel road was begun on April 13, 1910, and on June 1, 1910, 

 the work was completed. One thousand four hundred cubic yards of earth were 

 excavated and hauled an average distance of GOO feet at a cost of $292.85, or 20.9 

 centa per cubic yard. It was loosened with plows and hauled in drag and wheeled 

 scrapers. One thousand four hundred and forty-five cubic yards of gravel were placed 

 upon the road at the following costs per cubic yard: Gravel in the pit, 10 cents; strip- 

 ping the pit, 5 cents; loading at the pit, 4.6 cents; hauling an average distance of 

 3,500 feet, 32.4 cents; spreading on road, 1 cent; harrowing and rolling, 0.63 cent. 

 The length of the surfaced road is 5,520 feet and the width 9 feet. The gra,vel was 

 spread in two courses, the first course 7 inches thick and the second 4 inches. The 

 maximum size of the gravel in the first course was 2^ inches in diameter and in the 

 second course 1^ inches in diameter. The road was built with county convict 

 labor, which was estimated at 40 cents per day, the cost of furnishing them food. 

 The expense of guarding the convicts was $63.75. The total cost of the road to the 

 community was $1,425.45, or 25.8 cents per square yard, which is at the rate of $1,365 

 per mile. This cost is based upon convict labor at 40 cents and teams at $4 per day. 



Gull road, Kalamazoo Toicnship. — The work of surfacing with gravel a section 3,200 

 feet in length of the Gull road, in Kalamazoo Township, for a width of 15 feet, was 

 begun on June 1, 1910, and entirely completed on June 30, 1910. The plan of con- 

 struction was similar to that of the Kalamazoo West Portage road. One thousand three 

 hundred cubic yards of gravel were hauled an average distance of 1} miles at the follow- 

 ing cost per cubic yard: Gravel in the pit, 10 cents; stripping the pit, 1 2 cents; loading 

 in wagon.s, 5 3 cents; hauling to the road, 38.3 cents; spreading on the road, 6 cent; 

 and harrowing and rolling, 0.5 cent. The gravel was spread to a depth of 11 inches at 

 the center and 6 inches at the edges, measured loose. The total cost of the road to the 

 community was $954.05, which is at the rate of 9 cents per square yard, or $1,574 per 

 mile. 



