OFFICE OF PUBLIC EOADS. VVT 



scrapers and a road grader at a cost of $15. Gumbo was hauled an average distance ot 

 6,000 feet and spread 15 feet in width and 10 inches deep, and mixed with the sand 

 with plows and a road grader. The total cost of the road was $184.01, which is at the 

 rate of $1,143 per mile. 



The second road, 1,125 feet in length, was built on a gumbo soil. To secure proper 

 drainage 855 cubic yards of earth were moved with drag scrapers and a road machme 

 at a cost of $53.38. Sand was hauled an average distance of 600 feet and spread over 

 the road for a width of 15 feet and a depth of 11 inches. The sand and clay were mixed 

 with plows and a road grader. The cost of this section was $127.70, which ia at the 

 rate of $599.30 per mile. 



Fremont, Nebr. — The work at Fremont, Nebr., consisted of building a sand-clay 

 road 5,221 feet in length and 16 feet wide through a level country on gumbo soil. The 

 road was satisfactorily graded and the work consisted in surfacing it. Sand shipped 4 J 

 miles by rail and hauled three-fourths of a mile in wagons was spread from 5 to 6 inches 

 deep and 16 feet wide over the gumbo, which had previou.sly been plowed and pulver- 

 ized for a depth of from 4 to 5 inches. Considerable difficulty was experienced in 

 getting the sand and gumbo thoroughly mixed, but by wetting the road quite thor- 

 oughly fair results were obtained. Water was obtained by pumping with a gasoline 

 engine, from driven wells along the roadside. The sand was delivered at the railroad 

 siding for 42.5 cents per cubic yard. With labor at $2.25 perday and teams at $4 per 

 day, the cost of the road to the community was $2,064.24, which is at the rate of 22.24 

 cents per square yard or $2,087.59 per mile. 



Ravenna, Nebr. — At Ravenna, Nebr., the work consisted of building a sand- 

 clay road 4,935 feet in length and 12 feet in width over a sandy soil. At a co.st of 

 6.2 cents per cubic yard, clay to the amount of 2,120 cubic yards was loaded into 

 wagons with an elevating grader, hauled an average distance of 1,525 feet at a cost 

 of 12.2 cents per cubic yard, and spread with a road grader at a cost of 3.1 cents per 

 cubic yard. The total cost of the road to the community was $628.88, which is at the 

 rate of 4.4 cents per square yard or $672.84 per mile. The cost of labor was $2.25 

 and teams $4 per day. The work was begun on October 4, 1909, and completed on 

 October 20, 1909. 



Stuart, Nebr. — The work at Stuart, Nebr., consisted in surfacing with sand- 

 clay 4,520 feet of road 18 feet wide over gumbo and black prairie soil. Work was 

 begun on June 29, 1909, and completed on July 27, 1909. Eighteen hundred and 

 and sixty-eight cubic yards of earth, removed from a cut, were found suitable for 

 surfacing and were hauled an average distance of 1,700 feet in wheeled scrapers and 

 wagons, and spread upon the road with shovels and a road grader, at a cost of $781.66. 

 The wagons were loaded with an elevating grader drawn by a traction engine. One 

 hundred and thirty cubic yards of sand were required and were hauled an average 

 distance of 600 feet. The total cost of the road to the community was $875.32, which 

 ie at the rate of $1,022.47 per mile. 



Edenton, N. C. — Two roads were built at Edenton, N. C, between May 26 and 

 June 27, 1910. The first, 500 feet in length, was built as an experiment to determine 

 the value of a clay which consisted of a fine slate-colored silt. A very sandy road 

 ■was surfaced with this clay 16 feet wide and 9 inches deep. The sand and clay were 

 mixed with plows, harrows, and a road grader. The indications were that the mate- 

 rial would make a fairly satisfactory road. The total cost of this experimental road 

 was $137.05, which is at the rate of $1,440 per mile. 



The second road, 1,600 feet in length, over very sandy soil, was surfaced with a 

 sand-clay mixture for a width of 12 feet. To secure proper grades and drainage 500 

 cubic yards of earth were moved an average distance of 200 feet, at a cost of $79.65. 

 Five hundred and seventy cubic yards of surfacing material were used, and provided 

 a wearing surface about 8 inches in thickness. The total cost of this road to the 

 community was $206.20, which ia at the rate of $680 per mile. The cost of labor 

 was $1 and of teams from $2.50 to $5 per day. 



Laurinburg, N. C— On August 30, 1909, the work of grading and surfacing with 

 a sand-clay mixture 5,200 feet of the Maxton road at Laurinburg, N. C, was begun 

 and on September 25, 1909, it was entirely completed. Fourteen hundred and 

 ninety-eight cubic yards of earth were excavated and hauled with wheeled scrapers 

 and wagons an average distance of 250 feet, at a cost of $269.50. Thirty feet of 16-inch, 

 96 feet of 18-inch, and 48 feet of 24-inch vitrified pipe were furnished, at a cost of 

 $85.80, and laid for cross drains. The first 4,000 feet of the road were sand and the 

 remainder, 1,200 feet, was clay. Clay was hauled from the clay section to the sand 

 section, and sand from the sand section to the clay section in such quantities as to 



